When you cough or sneeze, you’d better turn your head away from others and cover your mouth with the full part of your hand． And then, you should say, “Excuse me．”

This seems so simple, but it is surprising how many kids have never been told to do this． Actually, I notice adults all the time who cough and sneeze in public without placing a hand over the mouth． One important thing I point out to the kids is that after they sneeze or cough on their hands, they should wash their hands as soon as possible． If not, they will be passing those germs （细菌） along to everything and everyone they touch．

If you come to a door and someone is following you, hold the door． If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the side, and allow the other person to pass through first, then you can walk through． If the door opens by pushing, hold the door after you pass through．

After a few weeks of seeing kids try to get through doors in the school and watching them enter restaurants as the door hit other people, I knew I had to discuss the problem with my students． Teaching them small acts of kindness, such as letting someone else go through a door first as they hold it open, may seem unimportant, but it can go along way toward helping students realize hot to be polite and thank others． Once they’ve been told, they’re halfway there．

When we have to go up moving stairs, we will stand to the right． That will give others who are in a hurry a choice of walking up the left-hand side of the moving stairs． When we are going to enter a lift, the underground, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we enter．

After college when I moved to London, I was surprised at how polite everyone was in the subways． I was even more touched when I traveled to Japan． In both places, people made efforts to make way for others． On moving stairs, everyone stood to the right and walked to the left． On lifts, everyone would stand over to the side and allow others to exit before they would begin to enter．

1． When you cough or sneeze, you should ________．

       A． touch everything                                     B． cover your mouth

       C． point out to the kids                                D． pass the germs to others

2． If you come to a door and someone is following you, you’d better _______．

       A． hold the door                                       B． pass through

C． close the door                                      D． stand to the side

3． From the passage we ca know the writer is a ________．

       A． doctor                 B． traveler               C． parent                 D． teacher

4． A． The passage is mainly about ______．

       A． the rules of behavior in public                   B． the easy of communication

       C． the acts of kindness among people            D． the knowledge of social life

The story below is a true story that happened in September.
During the month of September, a dear friend of mine lost her husband suddenly in an accident. The tragedy was a great shock to everyone.
This accident was sudden and certainly unexpected. It made me realize the fact that you just don’t know when a loved one is no longer going to be with you. We sometimes take our loved ones for granted(当然)，and we expect that they will be with us all the time. However, as we all know, life does not work that way and sometimes we get a wake-up call that shocks us and makes us stand back and realize how short life is.
To cheer her up, I tried to imagine if I were in her shoes how I would feel. It was impossible to imagine what she was going through. What words could I say to help her?Sometimes words just can’t express our feelings. Sometimes our actions are much more meaningful than words. So I gave her a hug(拥抱)…
Life is too short, and we should treasure(珍惜) every day staying with our loved ones.
【小题1】The writer’s friend lost her husband _______.     

Hello, everyone! Please let me ________.

1. A.
   introduce my name
2. B.
   introduce myself
3. C.
   to introduce myself
4. D.
   introduce to myself

Escaping a fire is a serious matter. If you know what to do during a fire, you can  __1__ a life. It is important to know the ways you can use and  __2__ them to everyone in the family, such as stairs and fire escapes(安全出口). You shouldn’t take lifts. From the lower floors of the building, escape __3__   windows is possible. Let’s learn the best way of leaving by window with the least chance of serious injury(受伤).
The first floor window is usually not very high from the  ___4____ . It is about the height of a man. Of course, it is safer to jump a short way than stay in a burning building.
Windows are also very useful when you are___5___ for help. Be sure to keep the door ___6__ before opening the window. If we don’t do that, ___7__and fire may come into the room. Keep your head low at the window to be sure you get__8__ fresh air instead of smoke.
On the second or third floor, the best windows for escape are those __9____open onto a roof. From the roof a person can drop to the ground more __10____ .Dropping onto the cement(水泥地) might end in injury. Trees and grass can help to break a fall.

Fashion isn’t very environmentally-friendly because it makes people buy things they don’t need, just because they’re new. We want to take care of the environment, we don’t want to pol­lute the air and we don’t want to waste energy and resources. But we also want to be fashiona­ble. How can we buy fashionable clothes and protect the environment?
Old styles are fashionable again, so one way is to buy second-hand clothes — recycled clothes. Another way is to buy’ fair trade clothes. These clothes are either recycled or made in a ’ way that protects the environment. They also protect the people who make the clothes.
Surprisingly, white cotton is one of the least environmentally-friendly crops of all. To pro­tect the cotton, the growers use chemicals that pollute water, make farm workers ill and kill wildlife. New materials, such as hemp and bamboo, grow quickly and are more environmental­ly-friendly. These materials are very soft, and look fantastic. The best materials are coloured using natural dyes, made from plants.
Environmentally-friendly clothes are practical but until now they were often dull. Now fashion-designers are working with these materials and the clothes are beautiful as well. So now we can buy fashionable clothes that are also environmentally-friendly.
【小题1】Why do people often buy things they don’t need? Because_.