摘要:2.拥挤的.塞满的

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阅读下文,完成小题。(17分)
水 问
王猛

当我们潜入蓝藻丛生的滇池底部,去寻找消失已久的栲栳鱼,我们想知道究竟是什么污染了我们的湖水?当我们在海河岸边一次又一次见证了打井队寻找水源的失败经历时,我们想知道那些地下几百米的水究竟到哪里去了?
如果世界人均水资源是一满杯水的话,中国的人均水资源不过仅仅是一个杯底;而且由于时空分布极不均匀,在华北等人口聚集的地区,我们的人均水资源量甚至低于以色列、中东等地区。
危机不是即将到来,而是已经从四面八方悄悄开始。
在富裕的南方,几十万人,一夜之间就可能没有水喝;在淮河岸边,一场污水过后,所有河蟹养殖户彻底破产;在发展中的北方,河流的生命几乎绝迹;长江的河道里,人们花费上百万元,只是为了寻找到一种名叫白鳍豚的水生鱼类;“太湖美”、“汾河清”这样的歌曲在全国的水污染地图面前显得滑稽、尴尬。从北到南,七大流域正在水污染危机崩溃的边缘。
水是宽容的,因为宽容才产生了生命,也因为这种宽容,它容纳了这个世界大部分肮脏的东西。中国的工业文明发展史浓缩了西方两百年的时间,作为代价,中国的河流与湖泊也浓缩了西方两百年的污染史。利益驱动、制度缺失、道德沦丧,对比农耕文明,对比泰晤士河的治理,一味追求利益与让中国的江河湖泊重新变清究竟什么最重要?

在开封城几十公里外,悬在几百万人口上方的黄河,又让我们不断地思考洪水的出路;在漳河两岸,每年夏天都会增派武警来保护水源;在城市里,拉动任何一个抽水马桶,宁夏缺水地区全家人一星期的生活用水就全部被冲到了下水道;在有些地方,水很贵,一瓶矿泉水的价格甚至比97号汽油还要贵两倍……
中国人并不缺乏节水的历史、节水的意识和节水的技术。坎儿井、北海团城这些古老的节水设施已经使用了几千年,那么我们缺什么呢?对一户农民、一个企业、一个地区而言,当节水比浪费水还要多花钱的时候,为什么要节水?当浪费水仅仅只是一个道德问题的时候,我们为什么要节水?
节水不仅是我们面对生存危机不得已的选择,也是考验我们这个民族道德与制度建设能力的一次机会。

黄河源头有“千湖之县”美誉的玛多要搬迁了,原因是没有水;太湖之滨的大款要搬走了,原因是水脏了;世界第四大湖——咸海,已经消失了一半;我们儿时记忆中的河流几乎全部干枯了——我们的祖先是否想象过我们今天的遭遇?
人类的文明诞生在大河两岸,苏美尔人的崛起就是因为找到了与水和谐相处的方式;但是,苏美尔文明的消亡,也正是由于对水的过度利用。两百多年以前,人类发明了蒸汽机——一种利用水循环的机器,它推动着我们到达了今天的文明程度。我们生活在地球历史中最美好的时期,但是我们是不是忘记了水可以诞生文明,也可以毁灭文明?
面对水,如果我们不能够找到新的文明方式,我们还能在地球上待多久?
(选自《文苑·经典美文》2010年第6期)
【小题1】中国面临水资源危机,其产生的原因是什么?(3分)
【小题2】读下面句子,联系上下文,体会表达效果。(6分)
⑴如果世界人均水资源是一满杯水的话,中国的人均水资源不过仅仅是一个杯底……(用了什么说明方法?有什么作用?)
⑵一味追求利益与让中国的江河湖泊重新变清究竟什么最重要?(这个问句是哪种类型的问句?表达了什么意思?)
⑶中国人并不缺乏节水的历史、节水的意识和节水的技术。坎儿井、北海团城这些古老的节水设施已经使用了几千年,那么我们缺什么呢?(想一想,我们缺的是什么呢?)
【小题3】如何治理水资源,这篇文章高屋建瓴,提出了一些新观点。下面对新观点的表达不正确的一项是(   )(3分)
A.改变水的宽容的特点,拒绝肮脏的侵害。
B.提高民族道德水平,建立起人们的新观念:认识到节约比经济利益更重要。
C.国家要加强节水的法律法规建设,地方要加强节水的制度建设。
D.寻找、建立新的文明发展方式。
【小题4】文章结尾告诉我们,如果要治理好水资源,就要找到新的文明方式。那么,这新的文明方式是怎样的呢?又如何实现这种新文明呢?谈谈自己的看法。(5分)
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Teddy' s Bear

The story of how the teddy bear was invented is an interesting one. In 1902, American president Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt was hunting (打猎) in the forest with several of his friends. Almost everyone had successfully shot (射中) an animal, but the president  56 not. Nobody wanted to make the president look  57 , so they tied an American black bear to a  58  . They wanted the president to shoot (射中) it.

The president was very surprised to see the bear tied to a tree. He felt it was  59 to shoot the bear, because it couldn't run away. He  60 to shoot it, and the story of his decision went all over the country. Everybody was moved by the president's beliefs (信念). There was  61 a cartoon showing the president refusing to shoot a cute bear.

It was this cartoon and the story behind the president's hunting trip that gave Morris an idea to make a new  62 . He made a small, soft bear and showed it in his shop window. Next to the bear he made a sign that read, "Teddy's Bear". The new toy was a big success and it  63 Morris with the money to create a toy company.

Teddy bears have been  64 since they were first made. A teddy bear would be the first choice when people think about children's toys. Theodore Roosevelt's famous  65 on a hunting trip in 1902 brought millions of soft, stuffed (填满填充物的) bears. They are being loved by people across the world.

56. A. did     B. should      C. would     D. had

57. A. sad     B. happy      C. friendly    D. fine

58. A. wall     B. chair      C. rock      D. tree

59. A. difficult   B. unfair      C. dangerous    D. exciting

60. A. wanted    B. decided     C. refused     D. went

61. A. only     B. hardly      C. even      D. still

62. A. company   B. toy       C. shop      D. present

63. A. gave     B. filled      C. met      D. provided

64. A. colorful   B. expensive    C. popular     D. boring

65. A. decision   B. speech     C. sign       D. skill

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阅读理解:

  Of all the students of Grade Four, Bill is the tallest.He is thirteen, and of course, he is the oldest, too.But he is the worst and the most foolish(愚蠢的).He can’t answer the easiest(最容易)questions in class.And he never passes the exam.

  But the boy is the strongest(最强壮的)in his school.Even the boys in higher grades are afraid(害怕)of him.So he leaves home with an empty(空的)bag.When he gets to school, his bag is full(满的)of fruit and cakes.Sometimes he brings some back home.His mother, Mrs.King ,is always happy.When she sees them, she praises(表扬)her son, for she can save(节省)some money.

  This morning, Mrs.King went shopping in the market.She saw an old man selling eggs there.She chose(选择)twenty-four but paid(支付)only for twenty.The old man was too busy to count(计数)them.She hurried off and told her husband as soon as he came back for lunch.

  “How clever you are!” Mr.King said happily.And Bill was busy eating the eggs, so he did not say a word.(说话)

  “What’s your favorite food, dear?” asked Mr.King.

  “Eggs, of course.”

  “Well, then,” said the man, “Can you tell us what can lay(产卵)eggs?”

  The boy thought for a while(想了一会儿)and said, “Hens, ducks, geese…mum!”

  “Oh? But why?”

  “I often hear they call me 'BAD EGG`.”

(1)

Bill never passes the exam because _________

[  ]

A.

He is the tallest of the children

B.

He is thirteen

C.

he doesn’t work hard at his lessons

D.

he is not the worst in the school.

(2)

Why is Bill’s bag full of fruit and cakes when he gets to school?

[  ]

A.

He buys them on his way to school.

B.

He makes the children give them to him.

C.

He finds them in the shops.

D.

His parents buy them for him.

(3)

_________, so Mrs.King is happy.

[  ]

A.

The children are afraid of Bill

B.

Bill often saves money for his family

C.

Bill is stronger and older than any other child

D.

Bill gets food without(不用)paying any money

(4)

Bill didn’t say a word at table because _________.

[  ]

A.

he was thinking of a problem

B.

he wanted to eat more eggs

C.

he was afraid of his father

D.

he had to go school on time(准时)

(5)

Which of the following(下面的)is true?

[  ]

A.

Mrs.King can lay eggs

B.

People think Bill is very bad

C.

Bill wished(希望)his mother could lay eggs

D.

Bill likes his nickname(绰号)very much

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