D
Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way.
Film cameras
After all, a film camera is basically a light – proof (不透光的) box. It has a lens (镜头) system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.
Let’s suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now let’s say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter open for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed (反向的)image on the film.
When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog!
Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them.
Digital cameras
In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor (传感器)called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts(转变) light and colour into a digital information or pixels (象素). The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is.
67．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Both digital and film cameras focus light onto the film.
B．All cameras have a sensor.
C．Digital cameras and film cameras have something in common. .
D．Small cameras usually have longer focal lengths.
68．In the “Film cameras” part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because _____.
A．light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter
B．you haven’t aimed the camera at the dog
C．the image of the dog is not created
D．the sensor fails to convert light and colour into a digital information
69．The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that _ ___.
A．they use digital cameras  B．the lens of their cameras is excellent
C．their focus lenses are short      D．their focus lenses are long
70．Generally speaking, a digital camera’s price is ____.
A．closely related to the quality of the CCD
B．irrelevant to the quality of the CCD
C．closely related to the lens
D．irrelevant to the lens

Three wishes
A man and his wife were very poor. They kept hoping for new clothes and good food. The man enjoyed eating, and he especially liked cakes. One night an old woman came to their house and told them she would let them have three wishes. They could wish for anything they wanted.
The man had just finished eating a piece of bread for his dinner, but he was still hungry. He said, “I wish I had a big cake!”
Suddenly a cake appeared on his plate.
“You fool!” His wife cried. “You could have wished for a house full of wonderful food, but you wished for a cake. I wish that cake was on the end of your foolish nose! ”
Immediately the cake stuck to the end of his nose.
Then the man and his wife started blaming each other. “It’s your fault!” she man cried. “No, it’s your fault!” she answered. What could they do? The cake was still stuck to the husband’s nose.
“Oh!” the wife cried. “I wish none of this had ever happened!”
Immediately the cake was gone, and the man was saying, “I’m still hungry. How I wish I had some cakes! ”
But of course nothing happened.
【小题1】. The man quarreled with his wife because ___.

Film cameras and digital cameras work in a similar way.

Film cameras

After all, a film camera is basically a light – proof (不透光的) box. It has a lens (镜头) system to focus light onto the film at the back of the camera.

Let’s suppose that we are outside on a beautiful summer day trying to take a picture of the family dog. We are using a film camera. We finally get the dog to lie still. You point the camera at him. What happens? Light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter. In other words, nothing happens yet. Now let’s say that the dog looks really cute and you decide to snap a picture. What happens? When you press the button, the shutter opens for a very short period of time. A small amount of light passes through and hits the film at the back of the camera. This creates an upside-down and reversed (反向的)image on the film.

    When you finish the roll of the film, you can take it to the photo shop to develop it and you will have a great picture of your dog!

    Cameras come with different lens lengths. Why does it matter? Many small cameras have shorter focal lengths, which means that there is a small distance between the lens and the place where the light focuses at the back of the camera. This gives you a large view of the area you are taking a picture of. Lenses with a long focal length show a smaller area but allow you to focus on distant objects and make them bigger. They are often called telephoto lenses. A good example of a long focus lens is one that is used by sports photographers to get photos of football players as if they were standing right beside them.

Digital cameras

    In digital cameras, the light falls not on film but onto a sensor (传感器) called a CCD (Charge Coupled Device). This digitally converts(转变) light and color into a digital information or pixels (象素). The CCD is the heart of any digital camera and usually the most expensive part ---- depending on how good it is.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

       A．Both digital and film cameras focus light onto the film.

       B．All cameras have a sensor.

       C．Digital cameras and film cameras have something in common. .

       D．Small cameras usually have longer focal lengths.

In the “Film cameras” part, you fail to take the picture of the dog because _____.

       A．light goes into the camera lens and hits the shutter

       B．you haven’t aimed the camera at the dog

       C．the image of the dog is not created

       D．the sensor fails to convert light and color into a digital information

The main reason that sports photographers can get clear and big photos of players is that _ ___.

       A．they use digital cameras  B．the lens of their cameras is excellent

       C．their focus lenses are short      D．their focus lenses are long

Generally speaking, a digital camera’s price is ____.

       A．closely related to the quality of the CCD

       B．irrelevant to the quality of the CCD

       C．closely related to the lens

       D．irrelevant to the lens

B
The most important holiday in spring, especially for Christians, is Easter. This Christian holiday is not on the same date every year，but it’s always on a Sunday. It can be any Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Many people celebrate Easter by buying new clothes. Children celebrate by hunting for colored eggs that their parents have hidden around the house. People also give Easter baskets filled with candy and other goodies to one another to celebrate the day.
But the holiday is more than new clothes and good things to eat. On Easter, many people go to church to celebrate Jesus’ resurrection（复活）from the dead. Most people color Ester eggs. Some people hide them. Others just eat them. But no matter what one does with Easter eggs，they are an important Easter tradition throughout the Western world. People from many different cultures celebrate Easter. In both America and Belgium, children look for Easter eggs hidden on lawns and in bushes. In America, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny (兔子).But in Belgium, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from church bells. In Bulgaria (保加利亚), red Easter eggs are lucky in churches. Bulgarian families also hit these Easter eggs together to see whose is the strongest. The winner looks forward to good fortune that year. Still dozens of other Easter traditions exist. In parts of Austria，for example，children sing from door to door and are rewarded with colorful eggs.
61．Easter comes _______.
A. on the same date every year   
B. on Sunday on March 22
C. on Sunday on April 25       
D. on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25
62．To celebrate Easter, people ___________.
A. go shopping, hide colored eggs and children hunt for them
B. give Easter baskets filled candy and goodies to one another
C. buy new clothes, hide colored eggs and children look for them around the house
D. both B and C
63．For Christians the more important thing to do on Easter is________.
A. going to church to celebrate Jesus’ resurrection
B. buying new clothes
C. eating delicious food and paint color eggs
D. exchange beautiful gifts each other
64．People from different cultures have different ideas about Easter egg _________.
A. In both American and Belgium, children hunt for Easter eggs hidden in rooms and in bushes
B. In Belgium, the hidden eggs are thought to have fallen from doorbells
C. In American, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny
D. In America, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from doorbells
65．In some places of Austria, children sing from door to door for_______.
A. blesses      B. Easter eggs     C. candy and goodies     D. Easter bunny

A water bearer in India had two large pots, each hung on each end of a pole which he carried across his neck. One of the pots had a crack(裂缝) in it, and while the other pot was perfect and always delivered a full portion of water at the end of the long walk from the stream to the master’s house, the cracked pot arrived only half full.
This went on daily. The perfect pot was proud of its accomplishment. Of course, the poor cracked pot was ashamed of its own imperfection. After two years of what it perceived to be a bitter failure, it spoke to the water bearer one day by the stream.
“I am ashamed of myself, and I want to apologise to you.”
“Why?” asked the bearer. “What are you ashamed of?”
“I have been able, for these past two years, to deliver only half my load because this crack in my side causes water to leak out all the way back. And you do no get full value for your efforts” the pot explained.
The water bearer felt sorry for the old cracked pot, and in his compassion he said, “As we return to the master’s house, I want you to notice the beautiful flowers along the path.”
As they went up the hill, the cracked pot took notice of the sun warming the beautiful wild flowers on the side of the path, and this cheered it a little.
The bearer said, “Did you notice that there were flowers only on your side of the path, but not on the other pot’s side?” That is because I have known about you, and I took advantage of it. I planted flower seeds on your side of the path, and every day while we walked back from the stream, you have watered them. For two years, I have been able to pick these beautiful flowers to decorate my master’s table. Without you being just the way you are, he would not have this beauty to grace his house.”
【小题1】Why did the cracked pot feel ashamed?