摘要:1747] Whenever you’re in trouble, please me. [译文] 无论你什么时候遇到麻烦.请找我帮忙. A. turn down B. turn up C. turn to D. turn at [答案及简析] C. 考查动词短语辨异.Turn down开小,tuen up开大,turn to求助于.

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  Scurvy, a disease caused by a lack of Vitamin C was a serious problem in the past when fresh fruits and vegetables were not available during the winter in many parts of the world.It was especially common among sailors in the days when only nonperishable(不易腐烂的)foods could be stored aboard ship.The symptoms of the disease include gradual weakening, pale skin, muscle pain, loss of teeth, internal bleeding, fainting and then lung and kidney trouble.Eventually, the sailor “went to Davy Jones's locker”(naval slang for dying).

  More than half the crew of Vasco da Gama died from scurvy on his first trip(1497-1499)around the Cape of Good Hope.In 1747 the Scottish naval surgeon James Lind treated scurvy-ridden sailors with lemons and oranges and obtained dramatic cures.In 1795 the British navy began to distribute regular amount of lime juice during long sea voyages, a measure that was largely successful in preventing scurvy.

  Scurvy was probably the first disease to be definitely associated with a dietary deficiency.Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing.These elements are called “vitamins”.Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A,B,C,D, and so on.Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins.

  The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruits and green vegetables.It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, saying during extended periods of religious fasting(斋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.

(1)

Which of the following sentence can express the main idea of the passage?

[  ]

A.

Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious disease.

B.

Fresh fruit and green vegetable contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.

C.

Vitamins play an important role in people's health.

D.

A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.

(2)

To avoid vitamin-lacking disease like scurvy, it's better for us ________.

[  ]

A.

not to eat much salted meat

B.

to have more fresh fruits and vegetables

C.

to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills

D.

to develop a good dietary habit

(3)

The information in the passage would most likely be of interest to a student of ________.

[  ]

A.

engineering

B.

nutrition

C.

psychology

D.

farming

(4)

Which of the following best describes the author's tone?

[  ]

A.

Argumentative

B.

Negative

C.

Curious

D.

Neutral

(5)

The underlined word “deficiency” probably means ________.

[  ]

A.

lack

B.

defence

C.

supply

D.

measure

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It is an odd coincidence(巧合)that in the year when the Oxford English Dictionary is being put on to a computer, which will be able to read all of it in 10 minutes, we should also be celebrating the bicentenary of the death of the last man to write an English dictionary only with single-handed-Dr. Samuel Johnson.

Johnson’s dictionary took him eight years from 1747 to 1755, working in the attic of his London home, now one of the city’s tourist sights. Then, it was like a counting house with his copyists on high stools, transcribing the works and their illustrative contexts, which he had underlined(勾画)in his wide range of reading.

He had six assistants and finished his task in eight years. The editor of the Oxford dictionary had 25 lexicographers(词典编纂人员)to assist him and, although the first volume was published in 1884, the last supplement(补编)would not be ready until next year-101 years later. The present editor, Robert Burchfield, had put 28 years into it.

Yet Johnson's dictionary was still being used until the Oxford dictionary replaced it, and it was regularly reprinted long after his death in 1784. It was written, he said, to refine the English language,“to clear it from colloquial barbarisms(不规范语言)and licentious idioms.”

It certainly bore the stamp of one man's personality. Many of his definitions(释义)show his sense of humor. “Novel”, for instance, is defined as “a small tale, generally of love”, and“dull” is illustrated by the sentence:“To make dictionaries is a dull work.”

 

72.We know from the passage that the Oxford English Dictionary     .

A.was put on to a computer in 1984

B.was published at the year when Dr. Johnson died

C.was published 200 years after Dr. Johnson died

D.was put on to a computer in 1985

73.The sharp contrast mentioned in the passage between Johnson’s dictionary and the Oxford English Dictionary is     .

A.the former came before the latter.

B.the former bore the stamp of one man’s personality while the latter that of 25 lexicographers.

C.the latter was put on to a computer while the former was replaced by the latter.

D.the former was finished almost single-handed while the latter was the product of a group of lexicographers.

74.Dr. Johnson's dictionary is s dictionary of     .

A.colloquial barbarisms   B.licentious idioms 

C.standard English        D.colloquial barbarisms and licentious idioms

75.Which of the following is not true?

A.After Johnson joint efforts are employed to compile dictionaries.

B.The compiling of the Oxford English Dictionary was finished in 1985.

C.Johnson’s dictionary is popular for more than 100 years.

D.Johnson’s dictionary is the first English Dictionary.

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