摘要：宾语从句中的虚拟语气 1)在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气.常省去宾语从句的引导词that. ①对现在情况的虚拟: 从句用过去时或过去进行时.其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were.实义动词用过去式.如: I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春. I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.现在他在中国.他希望能懂得中文. ②对过去情况的虚拟: 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾.其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时.或would, could, might+现在完成时.如: I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间. He wishes he hadn’t lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会. ③对将来情况的虚拟: 从句动词“would/should/could/might+动词原形 (请注意:主句和从句的主语不相同).用wish表示对将来事情的愿望.如: I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop) 我希望雨能停止. I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些.(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢) You wished she would arrive the next day. 你希望她第二天会到. 注意: ① 如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变.如: I wished I hadn’t spent so much money. 我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了. ②如果that 从句中用would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求.如: I wish you would help me. 我希望你能帮我. 2)在表示建议.命令.要求.忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见.认为某事应该或不应该怎样.这些词语后面的that从句应用虚拟语气.且均以should+动词原形表示这种语气.但事实上“should 常被省略.故此从句中谓语动词用原形.常用的此类动词有: 表示“要求 的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg 表示“提议.劝告.建议 的:move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote 表示“决定.命令 的:decide, order 表示“主张 的:maintain, urge 表示“同意.坚持 的:consent, insist 如: When I suggested that he try shaving cream, he said, “The razor and water do the job. 当我建议他用刮胡膏时.他说“剃刀和水就行了 . He pursued various theories for several days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work. 他费了几天功夫寻找理论根据.直到我建议拆开看看它是如何转动的. One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English speaking country. 我们建议学生应在说英语的国家待上两三年. 在表示命令.建议.要求等一类动词后面的从句中虚拟语气很普遍.其结构如: order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist +... do I suggest that we hold a meeting next week. 我建议我们下周开?个会.? 注意:在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气. She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的. She insisted that I should finish the work at once. 她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作. 或者说.suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时.即它们用于其本意暗示.表明.坚持认为时.宾语从句用陈述语气. 判断改错: (错)Your pale face suggests that you be ill. (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错)I insisted that you be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气. 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中.我们经常用“should+动词原形 .表示惊奇.怀疑.不满等. I never thought that he should be such a brave young soldier. 我们从来没想到他是个如此勇敢的小战士. 4)would rather.would sooner.had rather. would as soon .would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 would rather, would sooner, had rather, would as soon.would prefer也用来表达主观愿望.它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气.谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来.用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反.表示“宁愿做什么 或“对过去做的事的懊悔 . The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office. 经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作. To be frank.I’d rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说.我希望你不要卷入这件事. I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being. 我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见. 注意: ①若某人愿自己做某事.would rather后用动词原形 I would rather stay at home today.今天我愿待在家里. ②would rather...than...中用动词原形 I would rather stay at home than go out ?today?. 今天我想待在家里而不想外出. 5)“had hoped 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 用“had hoped 表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情.其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动词原形 . I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China. 我原本希望她到美国去念书并留在那.但她说她喜欢留在中国.

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