Britons Learn to Forgive

       LEEDS, England ─ A Leeds University psychology （心理学） professor is teaching a course to help dozens of Britons forgive their enemies．

       “The hatred we hold within us is a cancer,” Professor Ken Hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease．

       More than 70 people have become members in Hart’s first 20-week workshop in London ─ a course he says is the first of its kind in the world．

       These are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory．They realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said Canadian-born Hart．

       The students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight．

       The course, ending in July, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hatred in these people．“People have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness,” he said, “People confuse forgiveness with forgetting．Forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one．”

       Hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed．

       “The main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with,” said Norman Claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project．

       Hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people “want to get free of the past”．

From this passage we know that _________．

       A．high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hatred

       B．high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professors

       C．without hatred, people will have less trouble connected with blood pressure and heart

       D．people who suffer from high blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies

In Hart’s first 20-week workshop, people there can ________．

       A．meet their enemies       　      B．change their attitudes towards bitterness

       C．enjoy the professor’s speech       D．learn how to quarrel with others

If you are a member in Hart’s workshop, you’ll ________．

       A．pay much money to Hart          B．go to the workshop every night

       C．attend a gathering twice a month   D．pour out everything stored in your mind

The author wrote this passage in order to ________．

       A．persuade us to go to Hart’s workshop

       B．tell us the news about Hart’s workshop

       C．tell us how to run a workshop like Hart’s      　

       D．help us to look at various kinds of angers

Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.



As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.
They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.
Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused short-sightedness in animals.
Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.
A study of almost 300,000 young adults─the largest of its kind─showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January. Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen, causing short-sightedness.
Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.
The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.
In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.
Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming short-sighted.”
55. Babies born in summer are more likely to be short-sighted ____________.
A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies
B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs
C. if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born
D. if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes
56. Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.
A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted
B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays
C. make our body strong
D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun
57.   From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________.
A. there is no evidence that short-sightedness is related to exposure to sunlight
B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved
C. he believes that light exposure can cause short-sightedness
D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight
58.   The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________.
A. easy to be harmed                          B. resistant
C. protective                                     D. changeable

第二节读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
Every activity of our lives is communication of a sort, but it is through speech that man asserts his distinctness from other forms of life. He alone, of all animals, has the gift of verbal communication and it is through the quality of his speech that he best expresses his own individuality , his essence. When he is unable to say clearly what he means, through either nervousness, timidity, or foggy thought-processes, his personality is blocked off, dimmed out, and misunderstood.
Business, social, and personal satisfaction depend heavily upon a person’s ability to communicate clearly to his fellow men what he is, what he desires, and what he believes in. And now, as never before , in an atmosphere of international tensions, fears, and insecurities, we need the channels of communication between peoples kept open. It is my hope that The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking will be helpful in all these ways, both to those who wish simply to function with greater ease and self-confidence in practical pursuits, and to those who wish to express themselves more completely as individuals seeking a deeper personal fulfillment.
--- Dorothy Carnegie，Introduction to The Quick and Easy Way to Effective Speaking
【写作内容】
1．用大约30个词概括原文内容。
2．然后用大约120个词表达自己对“沟通”的看法，内容包括：
（1）人们之间沟通的重要性
（2）用自己或他人的事例说明缺乏沟通可能造成误解甚至损失。
【写作要求】
1．作文中可使用自己亲身经历或虚构的故事支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容,
但不得直接引用原文中的句子；
2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。
【评分标准】概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。

A capsule inn is a kind of cheap and small hotel where people just sleep in rectangular containers(容器). After experiencing popularity in Japan for more than 30 years, capsule inns have now entered the Chinese market. This new style is becoming popular with many visitors, but some are less than what they expected. The capsule inn covers an area of more than 300 square meters, with 68 very small bedrooms for guests to rest. Each room is 2.2 meters long and about 1 meter wide.

As small as the capsules are, they provide more than enough daily necessities(必需品) for visitors. They do have plenty of functions. Each includes independent power sockets, clocks, lights, and flat screen televisions. People can also enjoy wireless Internet service. The basic fee(费用) for each capsule is 28 yuan, and guests will be asked to pay an extra 4 yuan every hour. The highest cost could reach 88 yuan per day.

Ta Zan, capsule inn Manager, said, “Capsule inns are similar to Internet cafes. When they first appeared more than 10 years ago, people thought they might not succeed. But now it’s a common thing in our lives.” He believes that more capsule inns will open around the nation very soon. He is sure about the future of his business.

1.How much will you pay if you want to stay in a capsule inn for 12 hours?

A. 88 yuan               B. 76 yuan               C. 28 yuan               D. 4 yuan.

2. What does the underlined word “functions” mean in Chinese?

A. 价格                       B. 功能                                 C. 方法                                 D. 需求

3.For whom, a capsule inn is a good choice while traveling around?

A. A family who like to cook by themselves.

B. A young student who likes watching TV or surfing on the Internet.

C. An old man who would like to stay in a big house with his wife.

D. A business man who wants to have a meeting with others.

4.Why does the manager compare(比较) his inn to Internet cafes?

A. Because he thinks they are similar in shape.

B. Because he knows Internet cafes were popular 10 years ago.

C. Because he thinks capsule inns are a common thing in our lives.

D. Because he believes both will have good development.