The concept of solar power satellites, or SPS, first put forward in the 1960s, is still not widely known by the general public. For example, at many public exhibitions about energy, SPS is not even mentioned. This is mainly because very little money has been spent on SPS research
There are people who claim that SPS is unrealistic － because launch costs are much too high today; or because it is too far away. So why do we believe that it is important to continue to do researches on SPS? The reason is very simple.
Humans are going to need huge amounts of electric power in coming decades. Within 50 years the world population is expected to double, while economic growth will continue around the world, especially in the poorer countries. But existing energy sources already face serious problems. They are limited; they are polluted; they are dangerous. So 50 or 100 years from now, where is our power going to come from? Nobody knows. And so we believe that new large-scale possibilities should be studied further.
We must remember that humans have some choices concerning our future. To some extent we can choose the direction in which our civilization develops. And choices that are made in the coming decades － such as the energy sources that we will or will not use, will have major, long-term meaning for human life on earth. We believe that if research continues to show that SPS is environmentally and economically attractive, SPS will open the door to a much more attractive future for human civilization than any ground-based energy source, and one that the public will support and that young people will find challenging and exciting. Furthermore energy from SPS can be readily used in developing countries, as the SPS 2000 project will show, thus aiding economic development worldwide. In addition, by creating large commercial fund for space engineering, SPS will open the frontier of space to economic development, thus creating a limitless new field for the growth of the world economy.
【小题1】Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

The concept of solar power satellites, or SPS, first put forward in the 1960s, is still not widely known by the general public. For example, at many public exhibitions about energy, SPS is not even mentioned. This is mainly because very little money has been spent on SPS research
There are people who claim that SPS is unrealistic - because launch costs are much too high today; or because it is too far away. So why do we believe that it is important to continue to do researches on SPS? The reason is very simple.
Humans are going to need huge amounts of electric power in coming decades. Within 50 years the world population is expected to double, while economic growth will continue around the world, especially in the poorer countries. But existing energy sources already face serious problems. They are limited; they are polluted; they are dangerous. So 50 or 100 years from now, where is our power going to come from? Nobody knows. And so we believe that new large-scale possibilities should be studied further.
We must remember that humans have some choices concerning our future. To some extent we can choose the direction in which our civilization develops. And choices that are made in the coming decades - such as the energy sources that we will or will not use, will have major, long-term meaning for human life on earth. We believe that if research continues to show that SPS is environmentally and economically attractive, SPS will open the door to a much more attractive future for human civilization than any ground-based energy source, and one that the public will support and that young people will find challenging and exciting. Furthermore energy from SPS can be readily used in developing countries, as the SPS 2000 project will show, thus aiding economic development worldwide. In addition, by creating large commercial fund for space engineering, SPS will open the frontier of space to economic development, thus creating a limitless new field for the growth of the world economy.

1. 1.

   Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?

   1. A.
      The Future Energy- SPS
   2. B.
      The Concept of SPS
   3. C.
      Humans and SPS
   4. D.
      Advantages of SPS
2. 2.

   Which of the following statements about SPS is TRUE?

   1. A.
      The research on SPS started in the 1960s is still not appreciated by the public.
   2. B.
      The research is showing SPS can benefit environment and economy at present.
   3. C.
      The energy from SPS is now being used in some developing countries.
   4. D.
      The public don’t know about SPS because little time is devoted to the research.
3. 3.

   Paragraph 3 mainly talks about ______.

   1. A.
      the present serious energy problems
   2. B.
      where to get energy sources in the future
   3. C.
      the importance of controlling world population
   4. D.
      the need to explore new energy sources
4. 4.

   The writer’s attitude towards the research can best be summarized by the saying “______”.

   1. A.
      In time of peace prepare for war
   2. B.
      Put the cart before the horse
   3. C.
      One man’s meat is another man’s poison
   4. D.
      Easier said than done

Living a healthy lifestyle contains making choices about the foods we eat as well as exercise and other daily activities．The term "healthy lifestyle" can be defined as "to improve and protect one's health and well-being"．

     For this purpose, a healthy lifestyle can involve good eating habits, regular physical activity and anti-alcoholism．

     First of all, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle．For instance, rushed morning routines, trying to lose weight, and lack of appetite （食欲）early in the morning are all reasons why people skip breakfast．However, most experts think that breakfast is the most important meal of the day．Another example is fast food; a hamburger from McDonald's with special sauce and cheese is not exactly considered as a healthy meal．Our society today is busy and on the go at all times．It is much easier to stop and get fast food．As a result, humans become fatter．However, eating low-fat meals that include 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables every day is an ideal healthy life plan．Therefore, good eating habits are the main way of living a healthy lifestyle．

     Secondly, another way of living a healthy lifestyle is physical activity．Exercise is indeed part of life because it keeps the body and mind in good shape．Exercise reduces stress and contributes to （有助于）a good sleep．It can keep a person looking and feeling younger throughout his entire life, and it also helps build one's energy and strength．Many people do not think too much about their health until they get sick．So, physical activity is another way of living a healthy lifestyle．

     Finally, another way is anti-alcoholism．Addiction （上瘾）to alcohol may cause serious social and public problems．It is accepted that driving after drinking is dangerous．Alcohol is a main factor of traffic deaths．Alcoholism can also lead to diseases, such as heart attack or liver trouble．Thus, anti-alcoholism is another way for a healthy lifestyle．

     In conclusion, a healthy lifestyle can be maintained in three ways: the first way is good eating habits, the second way is regular physical activity and the final way is anti-alcoholism．

1．The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means_______．

A．having more food will help you to be more healthy

B．a healthy lifestyle only refers to healthy eating habits

C．a healthy lifestyle is a way of living to maintain one's health

D．to be healthy, you must make choices about anything

2．Which of the following is not the reason for skipping breakfast?

A．Having more time to stay in bed．              B．Going on a diet．

C．Busy morning routines．                     D．Having no appetite．

3．According to the text, how can we feel younger throughout our life?

A．To avoid fast food．                         B．To take regular exercise．

C．To be happy every day．                      D．To wear some special clothes．

4．Which of the following may directly reduce social problems?

A．Good eating habits．                             B．Physical activity．

C．Anti-alcoholism．                                D．Losing weight．

5．In what column are you most likely to find this text?

A．Advertisement．      B．Economy．      C．Sports．      D．Life．

To be culturally competent, nurses need to understand their own world views and those of the patients. This cultural competence allows you to see the entire picture and improves the quality of care and health outcomes.

   Cultural competence means to really listen to the patients, to find out and learn about the patients' beliefs with regards to health and illness, to provide culturally appropriate care, and to understand culturally influenced health behavior.

   Since the viewpoint of diseases and their causes varies from culture to culture, these individual preferences affect the approaches to health care. Culture also influences how people seek health care and how they behave towards health care providers. Health care providers must possess the ability and knowledge to communicate and understand health behavior influenced by culture. Thus, to deliver culturally competent care, related policies, practices and procedures should be developed.

   CR Meyer, the author of the book, Medicine's Melting Pot, describes four major challenges in health care .The first is the challenge of recognizing clinical(临床的) differences among people of different racial groups. The second is communication. This deals with everything from the need for translators to the differences in words in various languages. Some patients, even in Western cultures don't want to talk about personal matters. The third challenge is ethics(道德规范). Respect for the belief systems of others and the effects of those beliefs on well-being are very important to competent care. The final challenge involves trust. For some patients, authoritative figures are immediately mistrusted, sometimes for good reason. Having been victims of accidents at the hands of authorities in their homelands, many people are as cautious of caregivers themselves as they are of the care.

   As individuals, nurses and health care providers, we need to learn to ask questions skillfully and show respect for different cultural beliefs. Most importantly, we must listen to our patients carefully. The main source of problems in caring for patients from diverse cultural backgrounds is the lack of understanding.

81. According to the passage, what can lead to the improvement of the quality of health care? 

(No more than 2 words ) (2 marks)

   ______________________________________________________________________________________

82. Why are people from different countries likely to have different approaches to health care?

(No more than 13 words) (2 marks)

   ______________________________________________________________________________________

83. According to CR Meyer, why are many people cautious of both caregivers and the care?

 ( No more than 16 words ) (3 marks)

   _______________________________________________________________________________________                                        

84. How can the care providers avoid the problems caused by the lack of understanding?

(No more than 17 words) (3 marks)

   _______________________________________________________________________________________