Fire can help people in many ways. But it can also be very harmful. Fire can heat water, warm your houses, give light, and cook food. But fire can burn things too. It can burn trees, houses, animals, or people. Sometimes big fires can burn forests.

Nobody knows for sure how people began to use fire. But there are many interesting, old stories about the first time a man or woman started a fire. One story from Australia tells about a man a very, very long time ago. He went up to the sun by a rope and brought fire down.

Today people know how to make a fire with matches. Children sometimes like to play with them. But matches can be very dangerous. One match can burn a piece of paper, and then it might burn a house. A small fire can become a big fire very fast.

Fires kill many people every year. So you must he careful with matches. You should also learn to put out fires. Fires need oxygen. Without oxygen they die. There is oxygen in the air. Cover a fire with water, sand, or in an emergency, with your coat or something else.This keeps the air away from a fire and kills it.

Be careful with fire, and it will help you. Be careless with fire, and it will burn you.

8. According to the passage which of the following is true?

A. Where there is oxygen there is fire.

B. It is an Australian who started a fire.

C. We are not sure how people started to use fire.

D. Nobody knows how to make a fire.

9. The reason why children mustn’t play with matches is that ________.

A. they don’t know how to make a fire with matches  B. it is not interesting

C. matches can be dangerous                     D. matches burn paper

10. If you are going to put out a fire, you________.

A. must be careful with matches       B. have to know fires kill many people every year

C. have to cover it with water only       D. should keep air away from it

11. We must be careful with fire, or it ________.

A. can die              B. warms our houses  C. might burn us             D. will help us

12. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Fire can help people in many ways. B. Fire can be both helpful and harmful.

C. Fire can burn things and people.      D. We must be careful with matches.

Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

root¹ /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting. | tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil. | be/lie at the root of (=be the cause of a problem) Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems. | get to the root of (=find out the cause of a problem) | root cause (=the main reason for a problem)

3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.

4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism.

5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots.

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a) if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root. b) if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a (good) root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’. —compare stem¹ (4)

12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16.

—see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root² v

1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen. | [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ►PLANT◄ a) [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer. b) [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily. | root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks. —see also deeply rooted (deeply (5))

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl.

root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action. 2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear.

root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

1.What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe.”?

A. The underground part of a plant.         B. One’s connection with a place.

C. The origins of a custom or tradition.            D. The main cause of a problem.

2.What’s the fourth root of 81?

A. 27.              B. 9.                   C. 6.                   D. 3.

3.Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

A. root for         B. root out         C. root up          D. root through

4.In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

A. A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up.

B. A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal.

C. A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake.

D. A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago.

Some time ago, I discovered that one of my chairs had a broken leg．I didn’t think there would be any difficulty in getting it mended, as there are a lot of antique （古董）shops near my home．So I left my home one morning carrying the chair with me．I went into the first shop expecting a friendly reception （接待）．I was quite wrong．The man wouldn’t even look at my chair．

The second shop, though slightly more polite, was just the same, and the third and the fourth．So I decided that my approach must be wrong．

I entered the fifth shop with a plan in my mind．I placed the chair on the floor and said to the shopkeeper, "Would you like to buy a chair?" He looked at it over carefully and said, "Yes, not a bad chair．How much do you want for it?" "Twenty pounds．" I said．"OK," he said, "I will give you twenty pounds．" "It’s got a slightly broken leg," I said．"Yes, I saw that, it is nothing．"the shopkeeper answered．

Everything was going according to my plan and I was getting excited．"What will you do with it?" I asked．"It will be easy to sell once the repair is done．" "I will buy it．" I said．"What do you mean? You just sold it to me．" "Yes, I know, but I have just changed my mind, I am sorry．I will give you twenty - seven pounds for it．" "You must be crazy．" he said．Suddenly the penny dropped．"I know what you want．You want me to repair your chair．" " You are right," I said, "What would you have done if I had walked in and asked you to mend the chair?" "I would not have agreed to do that．We don’t do repairs, not enough money in it, and too much trouble．But! will mend this for you．Will you pay it for five? "．He was a very nice person and was greatly amused （感到有趣）by the whole thing．

1．We can learn from the passage that in the first shop the writer________．

       A．was rather impolite

       B．was warmly received

       C．asked the shopkeeper to buy his chair

       D．asked the shopkeeper to repair his chair．

2．The expression" the penny dropped" in the last paragraph means the shopkeeper_________．

     A．changed his mind                           B．accepted the offer

     C．saw the writer’s purpose                    D．decided to help the writer

3．How much did the writer pay for the repair?

     A．5．             B．7．                  C．20．                 D．27．

4．From the text, we can learn that the writer was___________．

     A．honest         B．careful             C．smart              D．funny

Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．
root1 /ru:t/ n [C]
1 ?PLANT? the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate
2 ?CAUSE OF A PROBLEM? the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （="be" the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （="find" out the cause of a problem） | root cause （="the" main reason for a problem）
3 ?OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION? roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．
4 ?OF AN IDEA/BELIEF? the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．
5 ?FAMILY CONNECTION? sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．
6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there
7 ?TOOTH/HAIR ETC? the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body
8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it
9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around
10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad
11 ?LANGUAGE? technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）
12 ?MATHEMATICS? technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．
—see also cube root, square root, grass roots
root2 v
1 ?SEARCH? [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food
2 ?PLANT? a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））
3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory
4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move
root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．
root sth ? out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．
root sth ? up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots
1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?
A．The underground part of a plant．    B．One’s connection with a place．
C．The origins of a custom or tradition．   D．The main cause of a problem．
2．What’s the fourth root of 81?
A．27． B．9．   C．6．   D．3．
3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”
A．root for           B．root out           C．root up            D．root through
4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?
A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．
B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．
C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．
D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．

Consult the page adapted from an English dictionary and do Questions 45–48．

root1 /ru:t/ n [C]

1 ►PLANT◄ the part of a plant or tree that grows under the ground and gets water form the soil: Be careful not to damage the roots when repotting．| tree roots —see picture at germinate

2 ►CAUSE OF A PROBLEM◄ the main cause of a problem: Money is the root of all evil．| be/lie at the root of （=be the cause of a problem） Often allergies are at the root of a lot of the problems．| get to the root of （=find out the cause of a problem） | root cause （=the main reason for a problem）

3 ►OF A CUSTOM/TRADITION◄ roots the origins of a custom or tradition that has continued for a long time: has its roots in Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US．

4 ►OF AN IDEA/BELIEF◄ the main part of an idea or belief which all the other parts come from: be/lie at the root of Foucault is challenging the very root of 20th century liberalism．

5 ►FAMILY CONNECTION◄ sb’s roots your con- nection with a place because you were born there, or your family used to live there: Naita has come to Ghana in search of her roots．

6 put down roots if you put down roots somewhere, you start to feel that this place is your home and to have relationships with the people there

7 ►TOOTH/HAIR ETC◄ the part of a tooth, hair etc that fixes it to the rest of your body

8 take root a） if an idea takes root, people begin to accept or believe it: The concepts of democracy and free trade are finally beginning to take root．b） if a plant takes root, it starts to grow where you have planted it

9 have a （good） root round informal especially BrE to search for something by moving other things around

10 root and branch if you destroy something root and branch, you get rid of it completely and permanently because it is bad

11 ►LANGUAGE◄ technical the basic part of a word which shows its main meaning, to which other parts can be added: The suffix ‘ness’ can be added to the root ‘cold’ to form the word ‘coldness’．—compare stem1 （4）

12 ►MATHEMATICS◄ technical a number that when multiplied by itself a certain number of times, equals the number that you have: 2 is the fourth root of 16．

         —see also cube root, square root, grass roots

root2 v

1 ►SEARCH◄ [I always + adv/prep] to search for something by moving things around: [+ through/in/ around] “Hang on a second,” said Leila, rooting through her handbag for a pen．| [+ for] pigs rooting for food

2 ►PLANT◄ a） [I] to grow roots: New shrubs will root easily in summer．b） [T usually passive] to fix a plant firmly by its roots: The bush was too firmly rooted in the hard earth to dig up easily．| root itself Clumps of thyme had rooted themselves between the rocks．—see also deeply rooted （deeply （5））

3 be rooted in to have developed from something and be strongly influenced by it: policies that are rooted in Marxist economic theory

4 be rooted to the spot to be so shocked, surprised, or frightened that you cannot move

         root for sb phr v [T] informal 1 to give support and encouragement to someone in a competition, test or difficult situation, because you want them to succeed: Good luck – we’ll all be rooting for you! 2 especially AmE to support a sports team or player by shouting and cheering: We’ll all be rooting for the Dallas Cowboys in the Superbowl．

         root sth ↔ out phr v [T] 1 to find out where a particular kind of problem exists and get rid of it: Racism cannot be rooted out without strong government action．2 informal to find something by searching for it: I’ll try and root out something suitable for you to wear．

         root sth ↔ up phr v [T] to dig or pull a plant up with its roots

1．What’s meaning of the word “roots” in the sentence “Many Americans have roots in Europe．”?

         A．The underground part of a plant．       B．One’s connection with a place．

         C．The origins of a custom or tradition．      D．The main cause of a problem．

2．What’s the fourth root of 81?

         A．27．  B．9．    C．6．    D．3．

3．Which phrase can complete the sentence “Do you think it is possible to ____ crime?”

         A．root for                B．root out               C．root up                D．root through

4．In which of the following situations can we use the phrase “be rooted to the spot”?

         A．A bush is so firmly rooted in the ground that it is difficult to pull it up．

         B．A football fan got excited when his favorite football team scored a goal．

         C．A girl became too scared to walk when she caught sight of a long snake．

         D．A man is unable to walk because he was caught in a car accident years ago．