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How do you feel after you've stayed up late to finish schoolwork? Or the day after a slumber party? Scientists now say that your answers to these questions may depend on your genes.
Genes are stretches of DNA that work like an instruction manual for our cells. Genes tell our bodies and brains what to do. People have about 40,000 genes, and each gene can have different forms. So, for example, certain forms of some genes make your eyes blue. Other versions of those genes make your eyes brown.
In a similar way, new research suggests that a gene called period3 affects how well you function without sleep. The discovery adds to older evidence that period3 helps determine whether you like to stay up late or get up early.
The period3 gene comes in two forms: short and long. Everyone has two copies of the gene. So, you may have two longs, two shorts, or one of each. Your particular combination depends on what your parents passed on to you.
Scientists from the University of Surrey in England studied 24 people who had either two short or two long copies of period3. Study participants had to stay awake for 40 hours straight. Then, they took tests that measured how quickly they pushed a button when numbers flashed on a screen and how well they could remember lists of numbers.
Results showed that the people with the short form of period3 performed much better on these tests than the people with the long form did. In both groups, people performed worst in the early morning. That's the time when truck drivers and other night-shift workers say they have the most trouble concentrating.
After the first round of experiments, participants were finally allowed to sleep. People in the group that performed well on the tests took about 18 minutes to nod off.
People with the long period3 gene, by contrast, fell asleep in just 8 minutes. They also spent more time in deep sleep. That suggests that people with the long form of the gene need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form.
1.We can know from the passage that genes can not ________.
|
A．tell our bodies and brains what to do |
|
B．make our eyes blue or brown |
|
C．decide how well you work without sleep |
|
D．ensure whether you’re good at driving |
2.Which of the following statements about the period3 is wrong?
|
A．It affects whether you like to stay up late or get up early. |
B．It comes in two forms: short and long. |
C．One has either two longs or two shorts of it. |
D．Your parents determine what particular combination you have. |
3. People with the short form of period3__________.
|
A．need to go to bed early and get up early |
B．can work better than the people with long form of period3 without sleep |
|
C．take less time to fall asleep after they stay up late |
|
|
D．need more and deeper sleep to keep their brains working at top form |
4.What’s the best title of the passage?
|
A．The Period3 Gene |
B．The Function of Genes |
|
C．Wake up, Sleepy Gene |
D．Stay up Late or Get up Early? |
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Michael is the kind of guy you love to hate．He is always in a good 36 and always has something 37 to say．
If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the 38 how to look on the positive side of the situation．Seeing this style really made me 39 , so one day I went up to Michael and asked him, "I don' t 40 ．You can' t be positive all the time．How do you do it?"
Michael replied, each morning I 41 and say to myself 'Mike, you have two 42 today．You can choose to be in a 43 mood or be in a bad mood．' I 44 to be in a good mood．Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a 45 or choose to learn from it．I choose to learn from it．"
"Yeah, right．It isn't that easy．" I protested．
"Yes it is, " Michael said．"Life is all about choices．You choose how you react 46 situations and how people will affect your mood．You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood．The bottom line is: It's your choice 47 you live life．"
Several years later, I heard Michael was involved in a serious 48 , falling off 60 feet from a communications tower．After l8 hours of surgery, and weeks of intensive 49 , Michael recovered．When I asked him what had 50 his mind as the accident took place．
"The first thing that went through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter," Michael replied．"Then, as I 51 on the ground, remembered I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choose to 52 ．I chose to live．"
Michael lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also 53 his amazing attitude．
I learned from him 54 every day we have a choice to live fully． 55 is everything．
36．A．mood B．sense C．feeling D．emotion
37．A．active B．positive C．reactive D．negative
38．A．trainee B．interviewee C．employee D．bee
39．A．moved B．interested C．precious D．curious
40．A．take it B．hold it C．make it D．get it
41．A．make up B．take up C．wake up D．bring up
42．A．roads B．choices C．ways D．methods
43．A．good B．pretty C．nice D．smart
44．A．decide B．choose C．feel D．require
45．A．cook B．receiver C．victim D．leader
46．A．by B．against C．with D．to
47．A．what B．that C．how D．which
48．A．thing B．incident C．accident D．state
49．A．help B．care C．rest D．holiday
50．A．gone through B．broken through C．looked through D．read through
51．A．sat B．lay C．stood D．lied
52．A．move B．leave C．die D．remove
53．A．so long as B．in case of C．instead of D．because of
54．A．what B．how C．that D．which
55．A．Attitude B．Choice C．Person D．World
查看习题详情和答案>>完形填空 （共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Michael is the kind of guy you love to hate．He is always in a good 21 and always has something 22 to say．
If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the 23 how to look on the positive side of the situation．Seeing this style really made me 24 , so one day I went up to Michael and asked him, "I don' t 25 ．You can' t be positive all the time．How do you do it?"
Michael replied, each morning I 26 and say to myself 'Mike, you have two 27 today．You can choose to be in a 28 mood or be in a bad mood．' I 29 to be in a good mood．Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a 30 or choose to learn from it．I choose to learn from it．"
"Yeah, right．It isn't that easy．" I protested．
"Yes it is, " Michael said．"Life is all about choices．You choose how you react 31 situations and how people will affect your mood．You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood．The bottom line is: It's your choice 32 you live life．"
Several years later, I heard Michael was involved in a serious 33 , falling off 60 feet from a communications tower．After l8 hours of surgery, and weeks of intensive 34 , Michael recovered．When I asked him what had 35 his mind as the accident took place．
"The first thing that went through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter," Michael replied．"Then, as I 36 on the ground, remembered I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choose to 37 ．I chose to live．"
Michael lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also 38 his amazing attitude．
I learned from him 39 every day we have a choice to live fully． 40 is everything．
21．A．mood B．sense C．feeling D．emotion
22．A．active B．positive C．reactive D．negative
23．A．trainee B．interviewee C．employee D．bee
24．A．moved B．interested C．precious D．curious
25．A．take it B．hold it C．make it D．get it
26．A．make up B．take up C．wake up D．bring up
27．A．roads B．choices C．ways D．methods
28．A．good B．pretty C．nice D．smart
29．A．decide B．choose C．feel D．require
30．A．cook B．receiver C．victim D．leader
31．A．by B．against C．with D．to
32．A．what B．that C．how D．which
33．A．thing B．incident C．accident D．state
34．A．help B．care C．rest D．holiday
35．A．gone through B．broken through C．looked through D．read through
36．A．sat B．lay C．stood D．lied
37．A．move B．leave C．die D．remove
38．A．so long as B．in case of C．instead of D．because of
39．A．what B．how C．that D．which
40．A．Attitude B．Choice C．Person D．World
查看习题详情和答案>>Michael is the kind of guy you love to hate．He is always in a good 21 and always has something 22 to say．
If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the 23 how to look on the positive side of the situation．Seeing this style really made me 24 , so one day I went up to Michael and asked him, "I don' t 25 ．You can' t be positive all the time．How do you do it?"
Michael replied, each morning I 26 and say to myself 'Mike, you have two 27 today．You can choose to be in a 28 mood or be in a bad mood．' I 29 to be in a good mood．Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a 30 or choose to learn from it．I choose to learn from it．"
"Yeah, right．It isn't that easy．" I protested．
"Yes it is, " Michael said．"Life is all about choices．You choose how you react 31 situations and how people will affect your mood．You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood．The bottom line is: It's your choice 32 you live life．"
Several years later, I heard Michael was involved in a serious 33 , falling off 60 feet from a communications tower．After l8 hours of surgery, and weeks of intensive 34 , Michael recovered．When I asked him what had 35 his mind as the accident took place．
"The first thing that went through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter," Michael replied．"Then, as I 36 on the ground, remembered I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choose to 37 ．I chose to live．"
Michael lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also 38 his amazing attitude．
I learned from him 39 every day we have a choice to live fully． 40 is everything．
21．A．mood B．sense C．feeling D．emotion
22．A．active B．positive C．reactive D．negative
23．A．trainee B．interviewee C．employee D．bee
24．A．moved B．interested C．precious D．curious
25．A．take it B．hold it C．make it D．get it
26．A．make up B．take up C．wake up D．bring up
27．A．roads B．choices C．ways D．methods
28．A．good B．pretty C．nice D．smart
29．A．decide B．choose C．feel D．require
30．A．cook B．receiver C．victim D．leader
31．A．by B．against C．with D．to
32．A．what B．that C．how D．which
33．A．thing B．incident C．accident D．state
34．A．help B．care C．rest D．holiday
35．A．gone through B．broken through C．looked through D．read through
36．A．sat B．lay C．stood D．lied
37．A．move B．leave C．die D．remove
38．A．so long as B．in case of C．instead of D．because of
39．A．what B．how C．that D．which
40．A．Attitude B．Choice C．Person D．World
查看习题详情和答案>>完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Michael is the kind of guy you love to hate．He is always in a good 21 and always has something 22 to say．
If an employee was having a bad day, Michael was there telling the 23 how to look on the positive side of the situation．Seeing this style really made me 24 , so one day I went up to Michael and asked him, "I don' t 25 ．You can' t be positive all the time．How do you do it?"
Michael replied, each morning I 26 and say to myself 'Mike, you have two 27 today．You can choose to be in a 28 mood or be in a bad mood．' I 29 to be in a good mood．Each time something bad happens, I can choose to be a 30 or choose to learn from it．I choose to learn from it．"
"Yeah, right．It isn't that easy．" I protested．
"Yes it is, " Michael said．"Life is all about choices．You choose how you react 31 situations and how people will affect your mood．You choose to be in a good mood or bad mood．The bottom line is: It's your choice 32 you live life．"
Several years later, I heard Michael was involved in a serious 33 , falling off 60 feet from a communications tower．After l8 hours of surgery, and weeks of intensive 34 , Michael recovered．When I asked him what had 35 his mind as the accident took place．
"The first thing that went through my mind was the well being of my soon-to-born daughter," Michael replied．"Then, as I 36 on the ground, remembered I had two choices: I could choose to live or I could choose to 37 ．I chose to live．"
Michael lived, thanks to the skill of his doctors, but also 38 his amazing attitude．
I learned from him 39 every day we have a choice to live fully． 40 is everything．
21．A．mood B．sense C．feeling D．emotion
22．A．active B．positive C．reactive D．negative
23．A．trainee B．interviewee C．employee D．bee
24．A．moved B．interested C．precious D．curious
25．A．take it B．hold it C．make it D．get it
26．A．make up B．take up C．wake up D．bring up
27．A．roads B．choices C．ways D．methods
28．A．good B．pretty C．nice D．smart
29．A．decide B．choose C．feel D．require
30．A．cook B．receiver C．victim D．leader
31．A．by B．against C．with D．to
32．A．what B．that C．how D．which
33．A．thing B．incident C．accident D．state
34．A．help B．care C．rest D．holiday
35．A．gone through B．broken through C．looked through D．read through
36．A．sat B．lay C．stood D．lied
37．A．move B．leave C．die D．remove
38．A．so long as B．in case of C．instead of D．because of
39．A．what B．how C．that D．which
40．A．Attitude B．Choice C．Person D．World