When I first got an e-mail account ten years ago, I received communications only from family, friends, and colleagues. Now it seems that every time I check my e-mail, I have an endless series of advertisements and other correspondence that do not interest me at all. If we want e-mail to continue to be useful, we need specific laws that make spamming(发送垃圾邮件) a crime.
If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, the problem will certainly get much worse. Computer programs allow spammers to send hundreds of millions of e-mails almost instantly. As more and more advertisers turn to spam to sell their products, individual(个人的) e-mail boxes are often flooded with spam e-mails. Would people continue to use e-mail if they had to deal with an annoying amount of spam each time?
This problem is troubling for individuals and companies as well. Many spam e-mails contain computer viruses that can shut down the entire network of a company. Companies rely on e-mail for their employees to communicate with each other. Spam frequently causes failures in their local communications networks, and their employees are thus unable to communicate effectively. Such a situation results in a loss of productivity and requires companies to repeatedly repair their networks. These computer problems raise production costs of companies, which are, in the end, passes on to the consumer.
For these reasons, I believe that lawmakers need to legislate (立法) against spam. Spammers should be fined, and perhaps sent to prison if they continue to disturb people. E-mail is a tool which helps people all over the world to communicate conveniently, but spam is destroying this convenience.

1. 1.

   According to the text, what is the major cause of the flooding spam?    

   1. A.
      Companies rely on e-mail for communications.
   2. B.
      More people in the world communicate by e-mail.
   3. C.
      More advertisers begin to promote sales through spam.
   4. D.
      Many computer viruses contain spam e-mail.
2. 2.

   According to Paragraph 3, who is the final victim of spam?             

   1. A.
      The business
   2. B.
      The advertiser
   3. C.
      The consumer
   4. D.
      The employee
3. 3.

   What is the purpose of the text?

   1. A.
      To inform
   2. B.
      To educate
   3. C.
      To instruct
   4. D.
      To persuade

A

Pronouncing words of a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing their own language; but few people are ever skilled at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages much better than they do their own language is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and never set about solving it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill-one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be gained by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect(忽略), in their practical teaching, the branch of study which has something to do with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught. The teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude(态度)to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving close attention, thus when other aspects(方面)of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment, to take second place, there is something else.

Except for the question of time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.

1. Why don't people speak a foreign language better than they speak they native language?

A. Because they can't grasp the nature of the problem of learning to pronounce.

B. Because they think pronouncing a foreign language is a impossible.

C. Because they never solve the problem in any way.

D. Because they pay more attention to pronunciation than anything else.

2. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Grammar should be paid no attention to.

B. Pronunciation is the most important aspect in learning a foreign language.

C. Spelling should not be taught in class.

D. Knowledge and technique are unnecessary in learning a foreign language.

When I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was __1__ to see that it was an English-English dictionary, also known as a monolingual(单语的) dictionary. __2__ it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one __3__, to be honest, I found it extremely __4__ to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and __5__ not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the __6__ bilingual(双语的) dictionaries, in which the words are __7__ both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt __8__ to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I understand that monolingual dictionaries are __9__ in learning a foreign language.

As I found out, there is __10__ often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two words in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to tell that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the __11__ meaning of a word in English! __12__, she insisted that I read the definition of a word in a monolingual dictionary when I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. __13__, I have come to see what she meant.

Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) __14__ number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am repeatedly exposed to（接触）the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. __15__ this, I can express myself more easily in English.

A Good Teacher is a Strict Teacher

    One of the most important parts in the healthy development of a

child is played by education. But the way in which education is

understood has changed completely, as we must not forget that

the severe and unfeeling way of bringing up a child in the past

was primarily based on cruel grounding（基础）and strict

rules that were supposed to create accomplished individuals, the typical gentlemen. Nowdays,

society is much more open-minded and it does not put a great value on being strict, although this

doesn’t mean that opinions regarding this subject do not differ.

    On the one hand, there are also people who believe that there has got to be a bound between

teacher and student if any satisfying results are awaited. Luckily for us, more and more teachers are

understanding this fact and are doing their best to get over the strict rules and get in touch with us.

    My opinion is that only by having a friendly attitude and accepting other opinions, especially

those of your pupils, you are truly able to do your job at high standards. However, this does not

mean that a teacher shouldn’t be a bit more rough when he feels that things are getting out of hand.

All in all, I must say that a good teacher is the teacher that has the ability to be kind and strict at the

same time, thus achieving to gain his students respect and interest.

The aim of education in the past was to      .

       A．create perfect persons      B．create open-minded persons

       C．bring up a child              D．build a cruel grounding

According to the passage, the narrow-minded people think      .

       A．a pupil is always interested in what he is learning

       B．a pupil himself will improve his studies

       C．children should be made to study

       D．children don’t like a rough hand

The underlined word “job” in the last paragraph can be replaced by      .

       A．controlling       B．teaching    C．learning    D．punishing

The author thinks a good teacher should be     .

       A．kind and strict         B．skilled and clever

       C．rough and cruel              D．friendly and practical

It can be inferred from the passage that       .

       A．society is much more open-minded and being strict is out date

       B．as long as the teachers are strict with students, the students will certainly get good marks

       C．most people are in favor of strict teachers because they have strict grounding and strict rules

       D．if we expect students to develop in a healthy way, the good relationship between teachers and students is important

   A recent study shows that gossip（流言蜚语）is more powerful than truth．It suggests people believe what they hear through the grapevine(小道消息)__36__they have evidence to the contrary．

   Researchers, __37__students using a computer game, also found gossip played an important role when people __38__ decisions．"We show that gossip has a strong __39__, even when people have __40__ to the original information as well as gossip about the same information．Thus, it is __41__ that gossip has a strong controlling potential," said Ralf Sommerfeld, who led the study．

   In the study, the researchers __42__ the students money and allowed them to give it to others in a series of rounds．The students also wrote __43__ about how others played the game that everyone could review．Students tended to give __44__ money to people described as “scrooges (吝啬鬼)” and more to those described as “__45__ players”．“People only believed the gossip, not the past decisions," Sommerfeld said in a telephone interview．

   The researchers then took the game a step_46_and showed the students the actual decisions people had made．But they also supplied false gossip that contradicted that __47_．In these cases, the students_48_ their decisions to award money on the gossip, __49__ the hard evidence．

   “If you know what the people did, you should care, but they still __50__ what others said,” Sommerfeld said．Researchers have __51__ used similar games to study how people cooperate and the __52__ of gossip in groups．Scientists define gossip __53__ social information spread about a person who is not __54__．In evolutionary terms, gossip can be an important tool for people to __55__ information about others' reputations or find the way through social networks at work and in their everyday lives．

36．A．in case     B．for fear that     C．as if  D．even if    

37．A．testing     B．checking C．examining       D．experimenting

38．A．draw       B．make       C．reach       D．conclude

39．A．impression      B．difference       C．influence D．function

40．A．access      B．entrance   C．charge     D．communication

41．A．curious    B．serious     C．obvious    D．worth

42．A．impressed       B．asked       C．showed    D．gave

43．A．articles    B．notes       C．dairies     D．letters

44．A．less B．more       C．fewer       D．much

45．A．general    B．mean       C．generous D．outgoing

46．A．away       B．forward   C．ahead       D．further

47．A．existence B．evidence C．confidence      D．dependence

48．A．based       B．put   C．focused    D．passed

49．A．more than       B．less than   C．rather than      D．other than

50．A．referred to      B．listened to       C．turned to D．stuck to

51．A．soon        B．presently C．far    D．long

52．A．strength   B．energy     C．effect      D．force

53．A．as     B．for   C．to     D．by

54．A．absent      B．present     C．gone  D．missing

55．A．achieve    B．earn C．acquire    D．win