All Eskimos live most of their lives close to sea or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes, or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen (地衣) grow on the rocks, and where there is enough soil, grass, flowers, and even small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call it the Arctic plains. There are some animals in Eskimo land, such as rabbits, which eat the plants. Other animals, like the white fox and the gray wolf, eat the rabbits. The Eskimo is a meat－eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.

The Eskimo year has two main parts：A long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall are almost too short to be noticed. Summer is the best time, as food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when Eskimos are very busy. Winter is never far away, and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store, for seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family.

The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st the sun never sets in Northern Greenland. But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sunshine at all. Around October 21st the Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun set directly south of them, and they don't see it again until February 22nd. All places on earth get about the same amount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker.

Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch－black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimo to see. And with the ground covered with snow, even a little light is reflected back to the Eskimo's eyes.

6. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Eskimos do not usually eat wolves.

B. Eskimos like to chase one another.

C. Eskimos depend heavily on water.

D. Eskimos are meat－eaters.

7.  In the Eskimo year, ________.

A. there is no spring and fall

B. winter is cold and summer is hot

C. summer is a time for growing food

D. winter comes early and goes late

8.  What's the meaning of the underlined word “pitch－black” in Paragraph 4?

A. Dark with a little light.

B. A little dark.

C. Not dark at all.

D. Extremely dark.

9. From the passage, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that ________.

A. Eskimos are more likely to eat wolves in summer

B. Eskimo women are responsible for housework

C. meat is the main source of food for the Eskimo

D. hunting is an important part of Eskimo life

10. Why is summer lighter in the Far North?

A. Because the Far North is far away from the sun.

B. Because the sun is not seen for five months of the year.

C. Because the sun never sets in midsummer.

D. Because people see the sun set directly south of them.

A green house is a building made of glass which is used for keeping warm when the outside temperature is low. In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere (mixture of gases that surround the earth) which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping. These gases are known as “greenhouse gases”. And the way in which they trap heat in the atmosphere is called the “greenhouse effect”. This is not simply air pollution. Most of the main greenhouse gases exist naturally in small amounts in our atmosphere, and without them the earth would be 30 degrees colder and human life would not exist. In other words, the greenhouse effect is a natural course which is to some degree helpful to us.
The problem is that in the last century and a half, we have been putting too many of these gases into the earth’s atmosphere by burning large quantities of coal and oil and by cutting down forest. The rapid increase in greenhouse gases is making the world warmer. The world’s temperature has already gone up by half a degree this century, and the sea level has risen by 10 centimetres. If the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere doubles, there will probably be a rise in the earth’s temperature of between I and 4℃;. This may seem a small increase, but it would be enough to cause major changes in geography and agriculture. Large areas of the world would be flooded, and some areas would become dry and unable to produce crops. It is important, too, to consider that there may be a delay of about 30 years in the greenhouse effect. This means that we are probably experiencing only now the effect of the gases put into the atmosphere before the 1960s. Since then, our use of these gases has greatly increased.
【小题1】 According to the passage, we can know “greenhouse effect” means_______.  

All Eskimos live most of their lives close to sea or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes, or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen (地衣) grow on the rocks, and where there is enough soil, grass, flowers, and even small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call it the Arctic plains. There are some animals in Eskimo land, such as rabbits, which eat the plants. Other animals, like the white fox and the gray wolf, eat the rabbits. The Eskimo is a meat-eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.
The Eskimo year has two main parts: a long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall are almost too short to be noticed. Summer is the best time, as food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when Eskimos are very busy. Winter is never far away, and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store, for seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family.
The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st the sun never sets in Northern Greenland. But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sunshine at all. Around Oct. 21st the Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun set directly south of them, and they don’t see it again until February 22nd. All places on earth get about the same amount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker.
Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch-black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimo to see. And with the ground covered with snow, even a little light is reflected back to the Eskimo’s eyes.
【小题1】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

All Eskimos live most of their lives close to sea or fresh water. They may follow game inland for several hundred miles, but they always return to the shores of rivers, lakes, or seas. Eskimo land has a bare look. Large rocks, pebbles, and sand cover much of the surface. Plants called lichen (地衣) grow on the rocks, and where there is enough soil, grass, flowers, and even small bushes manage to live. No trees can grow on Eskimo land, so geographers sometimes call it the Arctic plains. There are some animals in Eskimo land, such as rabbits, which eat the plants. Other animals, like the white fox and the gray wolf, eat the rabbits. The Eskimo is a meat-eater, too, and may even eat a wolf when food is scarce.

The Eskimo year has two main parts: a long, cold winter and a short, cool summer. Spring and fall are almost too short to be noticed. Summer is the best time, as food is usually plentiful. But it is also the time when Eskimos are very busy. Winter is never far away, and the men must bring home extra meat for the women to prepare and store, for seldom can enough animals be killed in winter to feed a family.

The Far North is sometimes called the land of the midnight sun. This is true in the middle of summer, for between April 21st and August 21st the sun never sets in Northern Greenland. But in midwinter the Far North is a land with no sunshine at all. Around Oct. 21st the Eskimos of Northern Greenland see the sun set directly south of them, and they don’t see it again until February 22nd. All places on earth get about the same amount of daylight during a year. As a result, if summer is lighter, winter has to be darker.

Winter nights in the Far North are seldom pitch-black. As in the rest of the world, the stars and moon provide a little light. The northern lights also help the Eskimo to see. And with the ground covered with snow, even a little light is reflected back to the Eskimo’s eyes.

1.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

2.What’s the meaning of the underlined words “pitch-black” in Paragraph 4?

3.From the passage, we can infer all of the following EXCEPT that_______.

C

Elephants are the largest land animals and they need plenty of living span. They have seasonal migration(迁徙) routes. As human populations rise, elephant land is being cleared for agriculture and other kinds of development.

When animals are effectively trapped on small areas of land, it restricts the gene pool and also results in a shortage of food. Where elephant reserves (保护区 ) border agricultural areas, elephants are often attracted to leave parks to attack crops and barns. Only the strongest walls will stop an adult elephant, so farmers have great difficulty protecting their fields.

In India, elephants don’t only attack for food. Some even have developed a taste for rice beer. In Assam, elephant-human conflict has resulted in the death of more than 150 people and 200 elephants in two years.

Poverty leads to the killing of elephants for meat. If people don’t have enough food and their governments cannot afford to enforce poaching(偷猎) bans, it’s not difficult to predict the outcome.

Ivory comes from elephant tusks, which can grow to be 3 metres long. Both male and female African elephants have large tusks.

Most new ivory comes from Africa and is sold as a high status material in Asian countries such as Thailand, mainland China and Japan. It can fetch $150 a pound and is carved to make decorations, chopsticks and ink stamps(印章). The conservation priority(重点) here is to change public attitudes.

In some countries in southern Africa, where conservation efforts have been successful, there is not enough room for a growing elephant population and animals have to be killed. A CITES meeting in November 2002 ruled that Botswana, Namibia and South Africa may sell stock-piled（库存的） ivory, starting in 2004.

Many conservationists are convinced that this will fuel the demand for ivory and lead to more illegal poaching, they say it is almost impossible to tell legal from poached ivory. The governments argue that the sales will be used to fund conservation work.

64. Which of the following isn’t the result of smaller elephant land?

A. Seasonal migration.                        B. Elephant-human conflict.

C. Restricting the gene pool.                          D. Shortage of food.

65. The most important thing to protect elephants is _______.

A. to build strongest walls

B. to sell stock-piled ivory instead of illegal ivory

C. to enforce poaching bans

D. to change people’s ideas

66. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?

A. The killing of dephants for meat.

B. The ban of the trade in African elephant ivory.

C. The selling of stock-piled ivory.

D. The sales to fund conservation work.

67. According to the passage, we can infer that_______.

A. farmers have trouble protecting their field since no walls can stop an adult elephant.

B. if the government could help solve poverty, there would be less killing of elephants.

C. only male elephants in Africa have tusks as long as 3 meters.

D. since there is not enough room for a growing elephant population, there is no need to ban poaching all over Africa.