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A few months ago, it wasn't unusual for 47-year-old Carla Toebe to spend 15 hours per day online. She'd wake up early, turn on her laptop and chat on Internet dating sites and instant-messaging programs – leaving her bed for only brief breaks. Her household bills piled up, along with the dishes and dirty laundry, but it took constant complaints from her four daughters before she realized she had a problem.
"I was starting to feel like my whole world was falling apart – kind of slipping into a depression," said Carla. "I knew that if I didn't get off the dating sites, I'd just keep going," detaching (使脱离) herself further from the outside world.
Toebe's conclusion: She felt like she was "addicted" to the Internet. She's not alone.
Concern about excessive Internet use isn't new. As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for overusers aroused interest in the subject. But as reliance on the Web grows, there are signs that the question is getting more serious attention: Last month, a study published in CNS Spectrums claimed to be the first large-scale look at Internet overuse. The American Psychiatric Association may also consider listing Internet addiction in the next edition. And scores of online discussion boards have popped up, on which people discuss negative experiences tied to too much time on the Web.
The new CNS Spectrums study was based on results of a nationwide telephone survey of more than 2,500 adults. Like the latest survey, this one was conducted by Stanford University researchers. About 6% of respondents reported that "their relationships suffered because of excessive Internet use." About 9% attempted to conceal "nonessential Internet use," and nearly 4% reported feeling " still occupied by the Internet when offline."
"The Internet problem is still in its early stage," said Maressa Orzack, a Harvard University professor. No single online activity is to blame for excessive use, he said. "They're online in chat rooms, checking e-mail, or writing blogs. The problem is not limited to porn (色情) or gambling websites.”
“Excessive Internet use should be defined not by the number of hours spent online but in terms of losses.”said Maressa Orzack. "If it's a loss where you're not getting to work, and family relationships are breaking down as a result, then it's too much."
Since the early 1990s, several clinics have been established in the U. S. to treat heavy Internet users. They include the Center for Internet Addiction Recovery and the Center for Internet Behavior.
The website for Orzack's center lists the following among the psychological symptoms of computer addiction:
● Having a sense of happiness or excitement while at the computer.
● Longing for more and more time at the computer.
● Neglect of family and friends.
● Feeling empty, depremssed or irritable when not at the computer.
● Lying to employers and family about activities.
● Inability to stop the activity.
● Problems with school or job.
Physical symptoms listed include dry eyes, backaches, skipping meals, poor personal hygiene (卫生) and sleep disturbances.
“People who struggle with Internet overuse maybe depressed or have other mood disorders.” Orzack said. When she discusses Internet habits with her patients, they often report that being online offers a "sense of belonging, and escape, excitement and fun," she said. “Some people say relief…because they find themselves so relaxed.”
Some parts of the Internet seem to draw people in more than others. Internet gamers spend countless hours competing in games against people from all over the world. One such game, called World of Warcraft, is cited on many sites by posters complaining of a "gaming addiction."
Andrew Heidrich, an education network administrator from Sacramento, plays World of Warcraft for about two to four hours every other night, but that's nothing compared with the 40 to 60 hours a week he spent playing online games when he was in college. He cut back only after a full-scale family intervention (干预), in which relatives told him he'd gained weight.
“There's this whole culture of competition that sucks people in with online gaming, ”said Heidrich, now a father of two. People do it at the expense of everything that was a constant in their lives." Heidrich now visits websites that discuss gaming addiction regularly “to remind myself to keep my love for online games in check”.
Toebe also regularly visits a site where posters discuss Internet overuse. In August, when she first realized she had a problem, she posted a message on a Yahoo Internet addiction group with the subject line:“I have an Internet Addiction.”
“I'm self-employed and need the Internet for my work, but I'm failing to accomplish my work, to take care of my home, to give attention to my children,”she wrote in a message sent to the group. “I have no money or insurance to get professional help; I can't even pay my loan and face losing everything.”
Since then, Toebe said, she has kept her promise to herself to cut back on her Internet use. "I have a boyfriend now, and I'm not interested in online dating," she said by phone last week. "It's a lot better now."
1. What eventually made Carla Toebe realize she was spending too much time on the Internet?
A. Her daughter's repeated complaints.
B. Tiredness resulting from lack of sleep.
C. The poorly managed state of her house.
D. The high financial costs adding up.
2.What is the main idea of para4?
A. A study claimed to be the first large-scale look at Internet overuse.
B. The American Psychiatric Association plans to list Internet addiction in its edition.
C. There are heated discussions about negative experiences over internet overuse.
D. There is a growing concern towards internet addiction.
3. According to Professor Maressa Orzack, Internet use would be considered excessive if ______.
A. it seriously affected family relationships
B. one visited porn websites frequently
C. too much time was spent in chat rooms
D. people got involved in online gambling
4. According to Orzack, people who struggle with heavy dependence on
the Internet may feel ______.
A. discouraged B. pressured C. depressed D. puzzled
5. Andrew Heidrich now visits websites that discuss online gaming addiction to _____.
A. improve his online gaming skills
B. control his desire for online gaming
C. show how good he is at online gaming
D. exchange online gaming experience
6.Which of the following best describes the tone(口吻) of the passage ?
A. Humorous B. Ironic C. Objective D. Casual
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It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia (学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee’s is one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular Informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical (制药的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual（知识的） opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in manufacturing practice or product development. “Only a small number of undergraduates will continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.”
1.By “a one-way street” (Line 1, Para. 1), the author means ________.
A. university researchers know little about the commercial world
B. there is little exchange between industry and academia
C. few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university
D. few university professors are willing to do industrial research
2.The word “deterrent” (Line 2, Para. 1) most probably refers to something that ________.
A. keeps someone from taking action
B. helps to move the traffic
C. attracts people’s attention
D. brings someone a financial burden
3.What was Helen Lee’s major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
A. Flexible work hours. B. Her research interests.
C. Her preference for the lifestyle on campus.
D. Prospects of academic accomplishments.
4.Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to ________.
A .do financially more rewarding work
B .raise his status in the academic world
C. enrich his experience in medical research
D. exploit better intellectual opportunities
5.What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
A. Increase its graduates’ competitiveness in the job market.
B. Develop its students’ potential in research.
C. Help it to obtain financial support from industry.
D. Gear its research towards practical applications.
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阅读表达
[1]Peer tutoring(同伴指导)benefits many students in several ways．Peer tutors can help themselves in understanding materials．They have to master the material themselves and come to a deeper understanding to teach others rather than getting taught by a teacher．
[2]Peer tutors get communication and social skills by tutoring．In order to communicate the meaning of material clearly and make it understood, they must practice the necessary skills to communicate with other people．These skills also carry over socially as it's much easier, especially for shy children to communicate with someone than to communicate with a large group as in a classroom．It's common for the tutor and his student to become friends．Developing leadership skills, confidence and a sense of responsibility is easy for a tutor．The tutor becomes a better student, gains more confidence and understands the teacher's role better．
[3]Those ________ can also benefit greatly from peer tutoring．Since the tutors are of the same age as the students, it's more comfortable for the children who have trouble with the material and in need of help to get taught by the same age tutors．This will allow them to ask more questions without fear and to come to a better understanding of the material．The tutor may be able to pass on little tips and tricks that helped him understand the material better．
[4]The process of peer tutoring works for all the related people．It's easy to relate to someone of the same age．The tutor learns to improve skills useful later in life．The teacher has more time to concentrate on students．It's a winning situation for everyone．
1．What is peer tutoring according to the text?(no more than 12 words)
________________________________
2．What are the benefits of being a peer tutor?(no more than 12 words)
1)_______________________________
2)_______________________________
3)_______________________________
4)_______________________________
3．Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words．(no more than 5 words)
_________________________________
4．Whom do you prefer to turn to when you have trouble in learning, your teacher or your classmate? Why?(no more than 30 words)
_________________________________
5．What is the author's attitude toward peer tutoring?(no more than 10 words)
_________________________________．
Volunteers, as an essential part of a successful world exposition, are a major channel for the public to participate in, serve and share the world exposition and a means to showcase the image of the host country and city. The following information is about the volunteer for the World Exposition 2010 Shanghai China.
I. Basic Requirements for Volunteers
l Be willing to participate in voluntary services of Expo 2010;
l Age limit: Expo Site volunteers must be born before April 30, 1992 and Expo City Voluntary Service Station volunteers before April 30, 1994;
l Obey the laws and regulations of the PRC;
l Be able to participate in training and relevant activities before the opening of Expo 2010;
l Possess necessary knowledge and skills needed by the position;
l Be in good health to meet the requirements of corresponding voluntary positions.
II. Further Information for Volunteers
l Source
l Residents of Chinese mainland, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, as well as overseas Chinese, and foreigners can all apply to be the volunteers.
l Signup methods
l Applicants may log in onto the official websites for online signup. They may also consult or connect with the Expo Volunteer Stations.
l Time
l May 1 – December 31, 2009
III. Volunteer Training
Volunteer training includes general training, special training and position training. General training is carried out through the Internet, while special training and position training are provided through classroom lectures and field practice.
IV. Volunteer Types
l Expo Site volunteers refer to those offering voluntary services to visitors and the Organizer in the Expo Site, mainly including information, visitor flow management, reception, translation and interpretation, assistance for the disabled, and assistance in media service, event and conference organization and volunteer management.
l Information booth volunteers are stationed in the Expo’s information booths at key transportation centers, commercial outlets, tourist attractions, restaurants, hotels and cultural event places outside the Expo Site. They offer services including information, translation, interpretation and even first aid.
1.What’s the purpose of this writing?
A. To give some basic information of the World Expo 2010
B. To recruit(招募) the volunteers for the World Expo 2010
C. To praise the hard work of the volunteers
D. To attract people to visit the World Expo 2010
2.If you were born in April 1993, where can you be a volunteer?
A. In the Expo Site. B. In the host country.
C. In the Expo City. D. In Chinese mainland.
3.Which of the training will be done on the Internet?
A. General training. B. Position training.
C. Classroom training. D. Special training.
4.Which of the following service is offered by information booth volunteers?
A. Visitor flow management. B. Helping the disabled.
C. Assistance in media service. D. Emergency first aid.
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