Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed different ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called The Interpretation of Dreams in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but cannot have. These dreams are often linked to sex and aggression.
For Freud, dreams were full of hidden meaning. He tried to understand dreams as a way to understand people and why they acted or thought in certain ways. Freud believed that every thought and every action started deep in our brains. He thought dreams could be an important way to understand what is happening in our brains.
Freud told people what their dreams meant as a way of helping them solve problems or understand their worries. For example, Freud said when people dream of flying or swinging, they want to be free of their childhood. When a person dreams that a brother or sister or parent has died, the dreamer is really hiding feelings of hatred for that person. Or a desire to have what the other person has.
Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years. But he developed very different ideas about dreams. Jung believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions to problems we face when we are awake.
He also believed dreams tell us something about ourselves and our relations with other people. He did not believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression.
68.According to the passage, Sigmund Freud held that ________________.
A.dreams can help understand people’s action
B.when people dream that they fly in the sky, they are actually desire something
C.if a person dreams that a brother has died, he or she must hates the brother
D.if people want to better understand themselves, they will dream
69. What is Carl Jung’s opinion of dreams?
A. His dreams are different from those of Sigmund Freud.
B. Whenever we face problems, we can find solutions to them in our dreams.
C. Dreams help understand people’s thoughts.
D. Dreams at times show our relations with other people.
70. From the passage, we learn that ______________________.
A. The Interpretation of Dreams was written by Freud as well as Jung
B. Freud helped people solve problems by telling what their dreams meant
C. Freud and Jung always worked together
D. both of them told us clearly why we dream
The author seems to be ___________.
A. in favor of Freud             B. in favor of Jung    C. objective     D. critical

A famous study was done in a school by a professor from a university．At the start of the school year，the teachers were given the names of five children．They were told that these five were the most excellent students in the class．But the fact was that these students were only average，and they were not the best students at all．Well，guess what? At the end of the year，all the five average students scored among the highest in the class．
What made these average students change so much to become top students? The only difference was the change in their teachers’ attitude．Because the teachers believed that these five kids were the top students，they expected more from them．And so these five average students began to believe and expect more from themselves．So they worked harder to do as well as they could．
Do you know? If you expect the best from people，they’ll usually want to give you their best．A great leader said，“Treat a person just how he appears to be on the outside，and you’ll make him even worse．But treat a person like he’s already a success，and you’ll help make him the best he can be．”
Like the true story of 7-year-old Johnny，his teacher got so angry with him that one day she said，“Johnny，you’re the naughtiest(最顽皮的) boy in this class．I’m sure you’ll never change．”The next year Johnny had a new teacher．And on the first day of class，she met with Johnny after school and said，“Johnny，I’ve heard a lot about you! But do you know that I don’t believe a word of it．”And every day after that，this new teacher treated Johnny as if he was one of the smartest students even when Johnny did naughty things．Later on，Johnny became a school leader．Because that’s the power of our belief and attitude toward children．
1．The professor started his research by ________．
A．telling the five students to work harder than ever before
B．teaching the five children himself
C．telling the teacher the five students were the best in the class
D．asking the five children to find a new teacher
2．The five average students became top students mainly because of ________．
A．the professor’s study     B．the change in the professor’s attitude
C．the teachers’ hard work   D．the change in the teachers’ attitude
3．Why did the writer tell us the story of 7-year-old Johnny?
A．To show the importance of encouragement．
B．To show that the boy was clever enough．
C．To let us know the famous boy．
D．To let us know how good his new teacher was．
4．According to the story，we can learn that ________．
A．the research began at the end of the school year
B．the students scored highest only because they worked hard
C．if you expect the most from people，you’ll get the least
D．little Johnny liked his new teacher very much
5．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．If you want to get more，you should have new teachers．
B．Attitude and belief can change a person．
C．A professor’s study can help you score highest．
D．Only teachers can make you a top student．

For any person who must speak in public, to business or pleasure groups, humor is a helpful, and necessary, tool for getting your message across. Why does humor work a lot? There are several reasons.
People will enjoy what you have to say if it is presented with humor. But, more importantly, if you are in a situation where important, and perhaps controversial（有争议的）, ideas must be presented to less than open minds, humor allows those ideas to be presented in a non-threatening (无威胁的) manner. Abraham Lincoln was famous for his ability to relate humorous stories to make a point. Humor used carefully throughout a presentation will also keep the listener’s interest high. In a word, individuals learning how to use humor in their speeches can strengthen arguments, support interesting presentations and, most of all, entertain their audience in a positive and comfortable way. 
While popular culture may well hold many kinds of humor, some of it has no place in presentations that are designed to educate and encourage the audience. If you want to become a professional stand-up (单人表演的) comedian whose goal is 100% entertainment, then you may be able to use some of the reference materials like The Art of Using Humor in Public Speaking. They can help you develop your skills and sources of humor. To that end, your participation in this study of humor will become necessary. Hopefully, you will come to appreciate the special difficulty of entertaining the audience with good and clean humor.
【小题1】 How many reasons does the author give for using humor?

A peer is a person who is about the same age as you. Peers affect your life, whether you know it or not, just by spending time with you. 
Peers can have a good effect on one another. Maybe another student in your science class taught you an easy way to remember the planets in solar system. Maybe you got others excited about your new favorite book and now everyone’s reading it. 
However, sometimes peers affect one another in another way. For example, one kid in school might try to get another to cut class with him, your soccer friend might try to persuade you to be mean to another player and never pass her the ball, or a kid in the neighborhood might want you to shoplift with him. Some kids give in to peer pressure because they want to be liked, to fit in, or because they worry that other kids may make fun of them if they don’t go along with the group. Others may go along because they are curious to try something new that others are doing. The idea that “everyone’s doing it” may influence some kids to leave their better judgments or their common senses behind. 
Peer pressure can be extremely strong and hard to get rid of. Experiments have shown how peer pressure can influence someone to change her/ his mind from what she/ he knows for sure is a correct answer to the incorrect answer－just because everyone else gives the incorrect answer! That holds true for people of any age in peer pressure situations. 
It can be hard to walk away from peer pressure, but it can be done. Paying attention to your own feelings and beliefs about what is right and wrong can help you know the right thing to do. Inner strength and self-confidence can help you stand firm, walk away and resist doing something when you know better.
68. What is the best title for this passage? 
A. Peers have a good effect   B. Children give in to peer pressure
C. Peer pressure is hard to resist    D. Peer pressure
69. The underlined word “shoplift” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.
A. do some shopping     B. carry goods for shops 
C. steal in shops            D. take the lift upstairs in shops
70. The writer will NOT agree that ________.
A. only children change their correct answers to incorrect ones because of peer pressure
B. peers have an effect on one another
C. peer pressure can be got rid of
D. peers will believe in themselves if there are other peers who agree with them
71. By writing the passage the writer intends to ________.
A. tell people to follow other’s opinions
B. warn people to stay away from their peers
C. tell it is hard to walk away from pressure
D. persuade people to do the right thing regardless of peer pressure

Although many butterflies remain to be decreasing in the long run, last year three quarters of endangered species saw an increase in number, including some rare species.
Experts said the improvement in the butterflies’ fortunes was likely to be the result of effective action on protection, such as leaving open wetland in woods where flowers can grow, and better weather in 2010 after three damaging wet summers.
Dr Tom Brereton said butterflies are extremely sensitive to changes in the weather. Last year saw a warm summer for successful feeding, which helped a number of butterflies in some way.
He even said climate change could be benefiting some butterfly species but many other butterfly species suffer from it. For example, the mountain ringlet suffers as it needs cold climates. And at the same time, the change is too rapid for most to get used to.
In the long run butterfly numbers have continued to drop, with three quarters of the nearly 60 species found in Britain seeing numbers fall in recent decades and nearly half of them seriously threatened.
The Lulworth skipper, one of the UK’s rarest butterflies, had its worst year since 1976, and there are people worrying that changing the environment to benefit other species may be harming this kind of butterfly. Wild flowers have been grown in some places to help other butterflies but the Lulworth skipper needs long grass and wild areas. Meadow browns, the country’s most common species, also had the worst year on record. Some other kinds of butterflies also had a bad year.
However, in the short term many butterflies saw an increase in number in 2010 compared to 2009 levels.
…
【小题1】Which was a reason for the increase in the number of the butterflies last year?