1. Which of the following statements is true?

A．The pull of gravity of the sun is greater than that of the moon

B．If the pull of gravity of the Sun is 10, then the pull of gravity of the moon is 20

C．The pull of gravity of the moon, sometimes has great effect on the earth

D．When there is a new moon, the earth experiences its highest tides

2. According to the passage, tell which is the new moon from A,B,C,D in the picture.

　　 The full of gravity of the sun, which is less half than that of the moon, somewhat makes matters difficult or complex. When there is a new moon, the moon is placed between the earth and the sun so the attraction of the sun and the moon strengthens each other. Two weeks later, when the moon is full, it has moved round to the opposite side of the earth to the sun so that the earth is between them and once again they are pulling on the ocean, this time in opposite directions but along the same axis (轴线). At these times the earth experiences its highest tides (潮汐), commonly known as spring tides.

1. Which of the following statements is true?

A．The pull of gravity of the sun is greater than that of the moon

B．If the pull of gravity of the Sun is 10, then the pull of gravity of the moon is 20

C．The pull of gravity of the moon, sometimes has great effect on the earth

D．When there is a new moon, the earth experiences its highest tides

2. According to the passage, tell which is the new moon from A,B,C,D in the picture.

[1]Some people's ears produce wax like busy little bees. This can be a problem even though earwax appears to serve an important purpose. Experts say it protects and cleans the ear. It traps dirt and other matter and keeps insects out. Doctors think it might also help protect against infections. And the waxy oil keeps ears from getting too dry.

[2]So earwax is good. It even has a medical name: cerumen. And there are two kinds. Most people of European or African ancestry have the "wet" kind: thick and sticky. East Asians commonly have ___________.But you can have too much of a good thing.

[3]The glands(腺体) in the ear canal that produce the wax make too much in some people. Earwax normally falls out of the ear or gets washed away. But extra wax can harden and form a blockage that interferes with sound waves and reduces hearing. People can also cause a blockage when they try to clean out their ears，but only push the wax deeper inside. Earwax removal is sometimes necessary. But you have to use a safe method or you could do a lot of damage.

[4]Experts at N.I.H., the National Institutes of Health, suggest some ways to treat excessive earwax yourself. One way to remove wax is known as irrigation. With the head upright, take hold of the outer part of the ear. Gently pull upward to straighten the ear canal. Use an injector device to gently direct water against the wall of the ear canal. Then turn the head to the side to let the water out.

[5]The experts at N.I.H. say you may have to repeat this process a few times. Use water that is body temperature. If the water is cooler or warmer, it could make you feel dizzy. Never try irrigation if the eardrum is broken. It could lead to infection and other problems.

[6]After the earwax is gone, gently dry the ear. But if irrigation fails, the best thing to do is to go to a

 health care provider for professional assistance.

1.What’s the purpose of the passage? (No more than 10 words)

___________________________________________________________________.

2.What’s the bad effect of too much earwax on our hearing? (No more than 15 words)

____________________________________________________________________.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. （No more than 3 words）

____________________________________________________________________.

4.What does the underlined word “this process” (Line 1, Paragraph 5) probably refer to?

(No more than 2 words）

____________________________________________________________________.

5.Will you use freezing water when trying to remove earwax? Why or why not?

(No more than 10 words)

____________________________________________________________________.

完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出可以填入空白的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Around the end of my stay in Yellowknife, I had a chance to ride in a dogsled (狗拉雪橇). I went to   36    a man who had   37    dogsled tournaments more than four times. In his house, there were lots of awards on the shelves. I had a girl take my picture in    38   of the awards.

     Finally, the time came to take a    39    in a dogsled. The instructor asked me time and time again if the clothes I was    40   were warm enough. Because it wasn’t so   41    outside, I thought I was wearing    42    .

     However, my thinking   43    right after the 12 dogs started to    44    the sled on the frozen lake. It was freezing! I don’t know how fast they were running, but I lost all    45    in my hands and feet. Sometimes the snow which the dogs    46    up hit me.

     After my ride in the dogsled, I went to see an igloo (圆顶建筑),which is a house    47    snow. There I had a    48    to hear the stories about Eskimos(爱斯基摩人).

     Of course, as a person from Japan, I couldn’t    49    what they were talking about.  50   , there was a(n)   51    beside me, so he translated everything the Eskimo was saying. Then the Eskimo kindly    52    me some of the tools that they used. I had    53    seen such strange things before.

     He talked about the    54    he needed to learn while traveling in the Arctic, such as how to make an igloo, how to make water from ice, and how to hunt using their inventions. I    55    that I didn’t take pictures of their tools because I didn’t have my camera at that time.

36. A. instruct         B. invite            C. take            D. visit

37. A. beaten            B. won                    C. received        D. defeated

38. A. front            B. need                 C. honor          D. celebration

39. A. drive            B. look                     C. ride             D. tour

40. A. buying         B. wearing            C. choosing      D. borrowing

41. A. cool             B. warm               C. cold             D. hot

42. A. enough        B. obviously          C. comfortably    D. fully

43. A. gathered        B. reminded           C. remained      D. changed

44. A. push           B. pull                C. drive           D. carry

45. A. blood                 B. temperature        C. feeling        D. movement

46. A. kicked           B. picked             C. turned          D. made

47. A. covered with    B. decorated with      C. made of       D. filled with

48. A. chance           B. time                C. moment        D. message

49. A. hear             B. understand           C. realize        D. admire

50. A. Therefore      B. Otherwise         C. However       D. Besides

51. A. villager        B. teacher              C. instructor          D. translator

52. A. lent             B. showed                C. sold              D. gave

53. A. ever             B. also                      C. usually            D. never

54. A. skills          B. materials           C. experiments    D. conditions

55. A. think          B. consider               C. regret           D. infer

Another small animal that tigers eat in Ranthambhore （a wildlife park in northern India） is the porcupine （豪猪）．These animals are spread widely across India in open areas and grasslands; they often live in the earth and between rocks．They are good diggers, and in Ranthambhore are nocturnal （夜出的）; they only come out at night．They weigh 12 to 16 kilograms and reach the length of 80 to 90 centimetres．They live usually on vegetables and fruit and seem to have a good sense of smell．Porcupines defend themselves when attacked by moving backwards with their quills upright, often making a strange noise．
Several times, I have found the remains of quills where a tiger has killed and eaten a porcupine, but I have never actually seen the kill．In spite of the quills, experienced tigers will try to kill clearly by biting the porcupine’s head, its weakest spot．But the quills are very sharp and can give painful injuries to young tigers．If the quills have gone in very deeply or if they are stuck in the tiger’s paw, it will try to pull them out．Often, it will be successful, and the wound will get better．But, if the quills have gone in very deeply or if they are stuck in the tiger’s neck or mouth, where they cannot be reached, the wound will often turn bad．If this happens, the tiger is in pain and is less able to hunt animals．It has to look for easier prey and so may turn to cows on the edges of the forest．From this, it is a small step to becoming a man-eater．
【小题1】 A porcupine is a small animal which _____．