You’re out to dinner. The food is delicious and the service is fine. You decide to leave a big fat tip. Why? The answer may not be as simple as you think.

Tipping, psychologists have found, is not just about service. Instead, studies have shown that tipping can be affected by psychological reactions to a series of different factors from the waiter’s choice of words to how they carry themselves while taking orders to the bill’s total.

“Studies before have shown that mimicry (模仿) brings into positive feelings for the mimicker,” wrote Rick van Baaren, a social psychology professor. “These studies show that people who are being mimicked become more generous toward the person who mimics them.”

So Rick van Baren divided 59 waiters into two groups. He requested that half serve with a phrase such as, “Coming up!” Those in the other half were instructed to repeat the orders and preferences back to the customers. Rick van Baaren then compared their take-home(实得收入). The results were clear---it pays to mimic your customer. The copycat waiters earned almost double the amount of tips to the other group.

Leonard Green and Joel Myerson, psychologists at Washington University in St. Louis, found the generosity of a tipper may be limited by his bill. After research on the 1,000 tips left for waiters, cab drivers, hair stylists, they found tip percentages in these three areas dropped as customers’ bills went up.

“That’s also a point of tipping,” Green says. “You have to give a little extra to the cab driver for being there to pick you up and something to the waiter for being there to serve you. If they weren’t there you’d never get any service. So part of the idea of a tip is for just being there.”

1.According to the passage, a customer gives the cab driver a tip for ____.

A. driver’s politeness   B. being there    C. driver’s attitudes   D. driver’s mimicry

2.According to the passage, which of the following will be likely to show the right change of the tip percentages for the three areas researched?

3.According to the passage, we know the writer seems to _________.

A. oppose Mr. Green’s idea about tipping

B. support the opinions of Mr. Green and Rick van Baaren about tipping

C. give his generous tip to the waiters very often

D. think part of Mr. Green’s explanation is reasonable

Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work , a move scientists say can be good for productivity , workplace morale (士气), and the well-being of animals .

A study found that 25% of Australian women would like to keep an office pet . Sue Chaseling of Petcare information Service said the practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets . “On the pets’ side , They are not left on their own and won’t feel lonely and unhappy,” she said . A study of major US companies showed that 73% found office pets beneficial (有益的) , while 27% experienced a drop in absenteeism (缺勤).

Xarni Riggs has two cats walking around her Global Hair Salon in Paddington . “My customers love them . they are their favorites ,” she said . “They are not troublesome . They know when to go and have a sleep in the sun .”

Little black BJ has spent nearly all his two years “working” at Punch Gallery in Balmain . Owner Iain Powell said he had had cats at the gallery for 15 years . “BJ often lies in the shop window and people walking past tap on the glass ,” he said .

Ms Chaseling said cats were popular in service industries because they enabled a point of conversation . But she said owners had to make sure both their co-workers and the cats were comfortable .

56．The percentage of American companies that are in favor of keeping office pets is         .

      A．73%                   B．27%                    C．25%                   D．15%

57．We know from the text that “BJ”        

       A．works in the Global Hair Salon             B．often greets the passers-by

       C．likes to sleep in the sun                        D．is a two-year-old cat

58．The best title for this text would be             .

       A．Pets Help Attract Customers                 B．Your Favorite Office Pets

       C．Pets Join the Workforce                       D．Busy Life for Pets

第二节:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
Learning values and character at home is as important as any schoolwork. We all hope that the very values 　36　 are important to each of us are　37　 along to our children. Often, 　38　, that hope is challenged by a great many of pop culture messages, peer pressure (同伴压力), and overscheduled lives.
In the real world of jobs and career, people are　39　 by two standards: Their professional skills and their 　40　 abilities. 　41　 grade school, high school, and college can teach skills and proficiency, it’s 　42　 parents to teach children the characters that make for　43　 in the real world—a cooperative attitude, 　44　, optimism and honesty. So take the work 　45　. Send your kids into the world ready to 　46　 not only the tasks of life but its difficulties with character.
You really can’t start soon enough. 　47　, children need personal integrity (个人操守) and morals as much as any adult. 　48　 the 5 to 10 most important messages you want your children to truly understand. Then think through 　49　 to teach these lessons. Talking to your kids should be only 　50　 of the plan. Letting them 　51　 honesty in action—through your own behaviour, by　52　 films about great people together, or even by visiting a courtroom—is the 　53　 way to pass the message.
By identifying the specific 　54　 you would like to see in your children, you’re more likely to 　55　  those characters. So make a point of it.
36. A. which                B. that               C. who             D.  /
37. A. handed                 B. given                C. belonged         D. passed
38. A. therefore              B. however            C. thus            D. besides
39. A. chosen                     B. divided            C. selected        D. judged
40. A. personal               B. outstanding         C. collective         D. genetic
41. A. While                B. When               C. Until           D. Unless
42. A. for                       B. to                C. on to           D. up to 
43. A. work                      B. success             C. grow           D. maturity
44. A. depression            B. encouragement       C. creativity       D. desertion
45. A. quickly                    B. eventually           C. seriously      D. obviously
46. A. face                      B. achieve              C. make              D. handle
47. A. First of all           B. After all             C. In all               D. All in all
48. A. Work out            B. Go over             C. Write down     D. Get through
49. A. how                  B. what               C. where         D. why
50. A. root                B. base                C. all            D. part
51. A. witness              B. stare                  C. gaze         D. scan
52. A. reading                    B. scanning            C. watching     D. examining
53. A. easiest                     B. strongest            C. cruelest        D. simplest
54. A. problems            B. manners            C. wonders       D. characters
55. A. strengthen           B. forget              C. remind            D. tear

Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the numbered blanks  by using the information from the passage.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

A busy life can be personally satisfying, but it may make you feel too tired to achieve the inner peace that will connect you with your true happiness. Begin with simplifying your life and working towards a more peaceful state of mind.

Recognize the differences between the things you need and the things you want. Our culture provides us with the message that materials will make our lives better. The reality is that most of these things will complicate our lives without bringing true happiness. Free yourself-- learn to be satisfied with fewer materials and greater simplicity.

If you let someone else define your life, your’re missing the chance to follow your own desires. Your inner life is weakened when you are limited by conformity. Why do you give up your freedom and allowed all of your decisions to be defined by what others think you “should” do? Think for yourself. Let your passions be your guide.

Life is full of opportunities to earn money, give services. Learn new skills and make new friends. Some of us want them all and fill up our timetable with all kind of activities. Rushing from one activity to another leaves you with no time to slow down. No matter how worthy you think your activities are, rethink them. Keep the ones that are most important and leave out the ones that are adding to the pace of your life with little return.

Life is forever changing, and you will never reach a point of simplicity and endless happiness. But each moment you spend on the path to simplicity does have the possibility to bring happiness to your life.

Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work , a move scientists say can be good for productivity , workplace morale (士气), and the well-being of animals .

A study found that 25% of Australian women would like to keep an office pet . Sue Chaseling of Petcare Information Service said the practice of keeping office pets was good both for the people and the pets . “On the pets’ side , they are not left on their own and won’t feel lonely and unhappy,” she said . A study of major US companies showed that 73% found office pets beneficial (有益的) , while 27% experienced a drop in absenteeism (缺勤).

Xarni Riggs has two cats walking around her Global Hair Salon in Paddington . “My customers love them. They are their favorites ,” she said . “They are not troublesome . They know when to go and have a sleep in the sun .”

Little black BJ has spent nearly all his two years “working” at Punch Gallery in Balmain . Owner Iain Powell said he had had cats at the gallery for 15 years . “BJ often lies in the shop window and people walking past tap on the glass ,” he said .

Ms Chaseling said cats were popular in service industries because they enabled a point of conversation . But she said owners had to make sure both their co-workers and the cats were comfortable .

The percentage of American companies that are in favor of keeping office pets is         .

A．73%                   B．27%               C．25%                   D．15%

We know from the text that “BJ”        

A．works in the Global Hair Salon   

B．often greets the passers-by

C．likes to sleep in the sun      

D．is a two-year-old cat

The best title for this text would be             .

A．Pets Help Attract Customers  

B．Your Favorite Office Pets

C．Pets Join the Workforce  

D．Busy Life for Pets