Do you wonder why you prefer chocolate to fish, science-fiction movies instead of romantic comedies or jazz rather than rock? The reason may have become obvious long before you were born, coming at the start of your family tree.

    Researchers recently looked into heritable (可继承的) effects on consumers shopping habits and discovered people appear to inherit---through genetics, fondness for specific products such as chocolate, movies, jazz, ears and mustard.

“We found that many, though not all of them are in fact heritable or influenced by genetic factors.” said marketing professor Itamar Simonson in Stanford University and assistant marketing professor Aner Sela in the University of Florida.

They surveyed fraternal (异卵性的) and identical (同卵性的) twins on their consumer patterns. Results show far more similarities among responses from identical twins, who unlike fraternal twins share matching genes.

Emily Easley said she can totally see shopping habits being genetic, based on her and her mother’s shopping behaviors

“We commonly purchase the same thing.” said Easley. “One time I came home and was wearing a new purple T-shirt with some floral design around the neck and found that my mom had bought the exact same one, in the same color. It’s always just so interesting to visit her and see my exact clothing in her closet.”

    Researchers also revealed people seem to inherit other tendencies that affect financial decisions such as choosing a compromise (妥协) option, avoiding extremes, and looking for the best option available.

    Dianne Marlz said her grandmother, mother, daughter and she all have shopped carefully in their lifetimes.

    “So is that inherit?” she asked. “It depends on your definition. My children definitely got it from me, as I did from my mother and from hers. But I think it’s more a matter of  having observed the behavior and decision-making process of the elder, who had the most impact on each of us. Some of it is definitely taught.”

    Researchers are quick to note they don’t completely believe the effects of mature (养育) but rather want to illustrate nurture’s and nature’s combined influence on consumer judgment and choices.

    “The current research suggests that heritable and other inherent preference components play a key role in behavior and deserve much more attention in marketing and decision-making research.” they said in a statement.

59. The author presents this passage mainly by ________.

   A. providing several examples

   B. testing an idea by reasoning

   C. analyzing some data

   D. describing the result of a research

60. Easley told a story of her mother to _________.

   A. complain about her mother wearing her clothes

   B. prove her mother had no taste for clothing

   C. show her mother’s genes influenced her in shopping

   D. express her gratitude to her mother for buying her clothes

61. In the opinion of Dianne, _________.

   A. parents should teach children hoe to do the shopping

   B. female family members like to go shopping

   C. spending money wildly is her family tradition

   D. shopping habits are more nurtured than inherit

62. The passage mainly tells us that genes may ________.

   A. influence the way you shop

   B. change your way of doing things

   C. lead to bad behaviors

   D. affect all your decisions greatly

    Do you wonder why you prefer chocolate to fish, science-fiction movies instead of romantic comedies or jazz rather than rock? The reason may have become obvious long before you were born, coming at the start of your family tree.

    Researchers recently looked into heritable (可继承的) effects on consumers shopping habits and discovered people appear to inherit---through genetics, fondness for specific products such as chocolate, movies, jazz, ears and mustard.

“We found that many, though not all of them are in fact heritable or influenced by genetic factors.” said marketing professor Itamar Simonson in Stanford University and assistant marketing professor Aner Sela in the University of Florida.

They surveyed fraternal (异卵性的) and identical (同卵性的) twins on their consumer patterns. Results show far more similarities among responses from identical twins, who unlike fraternal twins share matching genes.

Emily Easley said she can totally see shopping habits being genetic, based on her and her mother’s shopping behaviors

“We commonly purchase the same thing.” said Easley. “One time I came home and was wearing a new purple T-shirt with some floral design around the neck and found that my mom had bought the exact same one, in the same color. It’s always just so interesting to visit her and see my exact clothing in her closet.”

    Researchers also revealed people seem to inherit other tendencies that affect financial decisions such as choosing a compromise (妥协) option, avoiding extremes, and looking for the best option available.

    Dianne Marlz said her grandmother, mother, daughter and she all have shopped carefully in their lifetimes.

    “So is that inherit?” she asked. “It depends on your definition. My children definitely got it from me, as I did from my mother and from hers. But I think it’s more a matter of  having observed the behavior and decision-making process of the elder, who had the most impact on each of us. Some of it is definitely taught.”

    Researchers are quick to note they don’t completely believe the effects of mature (养育) but rather want to illustrate nurture’s and nature’s combined influence on consumer judgment and choices.

    “The current research suggests that heritable and other inherent preference components play a key role in behavior and deserve much more attention in marketing and decision-making research.” they said in a statement.

59. The author presents this passage mainly by ________.

   A. providing several examples

   B. testing an idea by reasoning

   C. analyzing some data

   D. describing the result of a research

60. Easley told a story of her mother to _________.

   A. complain about her mother wearing her clothes

   B. prove her mother had no taste for clothing

   C. show her mother’s genes influenced her in shopping

   D. express her gratitude to her mother for buying her clothes

61. In the opinion of Dianne, _________.

   A. parents should teach children hoe to do the shopping

   B. female family members like to go shopping

   C. spending money wildly is her family tradition

   D. shopping habits are more nurtured than inherit

62. The passage mainly tells us that genes may ________.

   A. influence the way you shop

   B. change your way of doing things

   C. lead to bad behaviors

   D. affect all your decisions greatly

Sustainable management is seen as a practical and economical way of protecting species from dying out. Instead of depending on largely ineffective laws against poaching (偷猎), it gives local people a good economic reason to preserve plants and animals. In Zimbabwe, for instance, there is a sustainable management project to protect elephants. Foreign tourists pay large sums of money to kill these animals for sports. This money is then given to the inhabitants of the area where the hunting takes place. In theory, locals will be encouraged to protect elephants, instead of poaching them because of the economic benefit involved.

This sounds like a sensible strategy, but it remains to be seen whether it will work. With corruption in these developing countries, some observers are skeptical that the money will actually reach the people it is intended for. Others wonder how effective the locals will be at stopping poachers.

There are also questions about whether sustainable management is practical when it comes to protecting forests. In theory, the principle should be the same as with elephants --- allow logging companies to cut down certain number of trees, but not so many as to completely destroy the forest.

Sustainable management of forests requires controls on the number of trees which are cut down, as well as investment in replacing them. Because almost all tropical forests are located in countries which desperately need funds from logging, there are few regulations and motive to do this.

One solution might be to confirm wood comes from sustainably managed forests. In theory, consumers would buy only this wood and so force logging companies to go "green" or go out of business. Unfortunately, unrestricted logging is so much more profitable that wood prices from managed forests would cost up to five times more --- an increase that consumers, no matter how "green", are unlikely to pay.

Which of the following statements is true in understanding the "sustainable management"?

A. Sustainable management is usually used in commercial units.

B. Sustainable management is more powerful than laws.

C. We will probably meet many problems in the course of applying sustainable management.

D. It is likely that sustainable management will replace the laws in protecting living things.

The example of Zimbabwe is mentioned in the first paragraph is to ________.

A. prove that sustainable management is ineffective

B. explain what sustainable management is

C. show that tourism there is booming

D. illustrate that people there are good at making money with elephants

The phrase "go green" in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.

A. a company begins to make money instead of being in red

B. making the forests always green in color

C. operating in ways which do not damage the environment

D. starting from the very beginning

What is the passage mainly about?

A. What environmental protection mainly include.

B. The feasibility (可行性) of sustainable management in environmental protection.

C. Different people’s attitudes towards sustainable management.

D. How people can protect animals and plants.

What attitude does the author take towards the sustainable management?

A. Positive.   B. Pessimistic.             C. Negative.              D. Uncertain.

When your pet meets your infant(婴儿)，it might not be love at first sniff. When Jennifer brought her baby home from the hospital, her cherished dogs had very different reactions. Her Boxer, Sonya, was immediately gentle and protective. But Tiger, the Pomeranian, was less welcoming. “If any diapers(尿布)or toys were on the floor, he peed on them,” says the Greenbrier, mom. In the eyes of a pet, there’s a new star in home who’s stealing his spotlight. Even the gentlest animal will probably act up if he doesn’t get his usual attention. These simple steps will help your pet adjust and keep your baby safe.
Introduce Them with Care
Your newborn and per’s first encounter can set the tone for their relationship. To make it as smooth as possible, try this trick from Caryn Ruiz：“Before we left the hospital, my husband took blankets home to our dog, Daisy, so she’d know our newborn Devon’s smell.” When you get home, have your husband carry the baby so you can greet your pet without worrying about her jumping on you. A cat will likely walk away at first, while a dog probably wants to investigate right away.
To introduce your baby, get down on your pet’s level and let her have a hello sniff. Don’t panic and pull your baby away unless your pet is barking or hissing, because it’ll send the message that the baby is a threat.
Learn the Safety Basics
No matter how smoothly the introduction goes, there are certain safety rules you should follow. Never leave your baby alone with the pet. Even the gentlest animal can react unpredictably. Your baby’s crying could frighten your cat, or your dog could suddenly become territorial. Consider setting up baby gates to limit your pet’s access. To keep your cat from jumping into the bassinet(有篷盖的摇篮), try putting mosquito netting over the top. Cats hate sticky paws, so keep the crib(有栏杆的婴儿床)and changing table off-limits by lining the edges with sticky strips made for furniture. You can also train your dog to sleep in a crate(大木箱).

1. 1.

   At the beginning of the passage, the author uses the stories to_____.

   1. A.
      illustrate possible reactions when pets meet a newborn baby
   2. B.
      show that pets don’t like a newborn baby
   3. C.
      prove how friendly a pet is when it meets a newborn baby
   4. D.
      introduce how terrible the pets are when a mother gets a baby home
2. 2.

   Who is Sonya mentioned in the 1 st paragraph?

   1. A.
      Jennifer’s dog.
   2. B.
      Jennifer’s baby.
   3. C.
      Jennifer’s husband.
   4. D.
      A pet expert.
3. 3.

   What can we infer from the passage?

   1. A.
      Cats are more welcoming than dogs when they meet a newborn baby.
   2. B.
      You must show your baby to your pet dog when it is barking.
   3. C.
      You should never keep a baby together with your pet.
   4. D.
      The first introduction of your newborn baby to your pet is important.
4. 4.

   According to the passage, to keep your baby safe, you should do the following things EXCEPT_____.

   1. A.
      introducing your baby to your pet with care
   2. B.
      leaving your baby alone with your pet at the first day when they meet
   3. C.
      setting up baby gates to limit your baby
   4. D.
      keeping your pet away from your baby