Moral science is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect. Perhaps part of the problem lies in the fact that morality is not a science, strictly speaking. It is too much of a social phenomenon, and also has too much of the personal and subjective things mixed within. Besides, morality itself changes with generations. So it is impossible to be defined in a textbook.
I remember sitting through forty minutes of moral lessons, which told stories about little children who never told lies and were rewarded for their goodness. It had little effect and left no impression on me, though.
If moral science has to be taught as a subject in schools, it needs a participatory(参与其中的) approach. When you tell a child about morals, you also have to deal with social norms（规范）and cultural differences. You have to explain that morality can be subjective, and be able to co-exist in society. You will probably have to refer to the morals of the present time.
The best way to tell a child how to live is to show him what is valued. If a child likes his friend, you have to make the child think about why. Once the child notices and recognizes goodness in others, he or she is likely to develop it as well.
In fact, children learn most of their morals by watching people around them. They absorb behavior patterns from teachers and older students. They watch to see what is rewarded and who is punished. They learn on the sports field and through social work. Moral science lessons should simply consist of letting them live and interact, and watch you support correct values and reward good behavior.
【小题1】Which is NOT the reason that moral science is taught in schools but with little effect?

We would probably all be amazed if we watched a videotape of ourselves performing basically unconscious acts as we go about the business of the day. These unconscious acts consist of all the little personal habits that we don’t even think about, but definitely should. These are some of the things that present an image of who we are to others, and if we are careless in performing them, this image may well be other than we would like it to be.
Parents who insist that their children practice good manners and habits at home are doing them a great service, for these habits then become lifelong and the natural way they do things. It proves true that their unconscious actions will reflect a well-mannered person.
People who, for example, eat with both arms on the table at home will likely do so when out. Those who are lazy and slow in private will certainly be so in public. Children who are permitted to be disrespectful to their parents will follow suit with other adults, and will, most likely, become adults who are disrespectful of others. This is an area where the saying “practice makes perfect” may be applied.
There is an article about the actress, Audrey Hepburn, known for her beautiful carriage and posture. According to her biographer, her grandmother tied her neck to the back of her chair, at table, so that she would not drop down suddenly over her food, but rather would learn to put only small amounts of food on her spoon or fork and bring them to her mouth. This is a rather extreme “at home” method for the development of erect (直立的) posture, but it does illustrate the effectiveness of practicing good habits so that, when in public, they are instinctive.
【小题1】Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage?

Homestay provides English language students with the opportunity to speak English outside the classroom and the experience of being part of a British home.
What to Expect
The host will provide accommodation and meals. Rooms will be cleaned and bedcovers changed at least once a week. You will be given the house key and the host is there to offer help and advice as well as to take an interest in your physical and mental health.
Accommodation Zones
Homestays are located in London mainly in Zones 2,3 and 4 of the transport system. Most hosts don’t live in the town center as much of central London is commercial and not residential (居住的). Zones 3 and 4 often offer larger accommodation in a less crowded area. It is very convenient to travel in London by underground.
Meal Plans Available
Continental Breakfast
Breakfast and Dinner
Breakfast ,packed Lunch and Dinner.
It’s important to note that few English families still provide a traditional cooked breakfast . Your accommodation includes Continental Breakfast which normally consists of fruit juice, cereal(谷物)，bread and tea or coffee. Cheese ,fruit and cold meat are not normally part of a Continental Breakfast in English. Dinners usually consist of meat or fish with vegetables followed by dessert , fruit and coffee.
Friends
If you wish to invite a friend over to visit, you must first ask your host’s permission. You have no right to entertain friends in a family home as some families feel it is an invasion of their privacy.
Self-Catering Accommodation in Private Homes
Accommodation on a room-only basis includes shared kitchen and bathroom facilities and often a main living room. This kind of accommodation offers an independent lifestyle and is more suitable for the long-stay student . However, it does not provide the same family atmosphere as an ordinary homestay and may not benefit those who need to practice English at home quite as much.
【小题1】The passage is probably written for       

请阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从28－45各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

(1)

People were asked to comment __28__ scenes from films like Pulp Fiction, TV series like Channel 4’s Brookside and cartoons like South Park. Leeds University concluded that people made a __29__between bad language used in programmes for adults, and those _30__ for children.

(2)

Advertisements need to attract and ___31__ the attention of the public. Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are. Others try to create advertisements that people simply enjoy ___32___. As present-day advertisers often have large ____33___, a lot of money is spent on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as _____34_____ attractive as possible.

Not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. Some contemporary advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society. There are public advertisements ____35_____citizens to participate in improving their neighbourhood, protecting the environment, and helping other people. ___36___ the last decade, the government has worked hard at using advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping the poor, giving up smoking, etc. These advertisements have helped to increase public knowledge, which has made our society a better place for everyone.

(3)

Dear Editor,

I am writing to ????????___37___about the plan for a new airport. Many people have been  38 the idea from the start. However, the government is planning to go ahead with the building next year.

First, the government says that the airport will bring us industry and jobs.  39  , in my opinion, it will ruin the character of Tamford, a historic country town. Although the airport would bring tourists, I am not sure they would want to stay in a dirty, industrial town.

___40____ the government says, it is clear that the airport will also affect our health. Problems will increase even though the government has promised us a new hospital. Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people, for example, it can cause cancer. Noise pollution will also have an ___41___ on the houses and schools near the airport.

I think other people should write to the government about this problem. We should do everything we can  42   this airport.

(4)

 And a word of advice. To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system, you need to ____43____ your bill to see if a tip is included or not. If it isn’t, I suggest leaving 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress --- ___44____ a bit more if the service is good. Talking of money --- it’s really easy to exchange traveller’s cheques at banks or hotels so I ___45___ you to get some of those before you come.

Battle of the Books

Each year in April, the “Battle of the Books” teams from each school meet for the Semi-Battle competition. The top three teams from each division go on to the Final Battle to compete for gold, silver and bronze medals. The gold medal winners go on to compete in the Regional Championship.

Battle of the Books Rules and Goals

Goals:

Students: Have fun reading good books from a wide variety of authors and genres(体裁).

Educators: Encourage reading, foster friendly competition, and nurture the love of books in young people.

Rules:

One team of six students from grades 7 or 8 will represent each school.

1. Each team will have a spokesperson. While the team is encouraged to discuss possible answers, team answers will only be accepted from the spokesperson.

2. The Semi-Finals will consist of three rounds of play, and the Finals will have one round. Each round features a Regular Battle and a Lightning Battle.

3. Regular Battle questions will be addressed to teams alternately(轮流地), regardless of the last correct answer. There will be 12 Regular Battle questions per round. When asked a question, teams will have 20 seconds to provide the book’s title and author.

4. Five points will be given if the team correctly identifies the exact title, and three points will be awarded for correctly identifying the author’s surname. The author’s first name does not need to be identified.

5. The Lightning Battles will be featured at the end of each round. Lightning Battles consist of a 2 minutes, 30 seconds time period during which each team is asked up to 12 questions. These questions concern details of the books and will not require teams to identify titles or authors. Each correctly answered Lightning Battle question will be worth three points.

PLEASE NOTE:

A warm-up practice question will be given to each team at the beginning of its first Semi-Battle and at the beginning of the Final and Regional Final Battles.

There may be no assistance from the coordinators and audience members.

Teams will not be punished for incorrect answers.

Any team demonstrating poor sportsmanship will not be invited back.

1.According to the text, “Battle of the Books” is an activity ______.

A．where students are inspired to write books

B．where books are used as arms in the battle

C．where friends compete with each other

D．where readers are motivated to love books

2.How many questions will be asked in the Semi-Finals?

A．72               B．24               C．36               D．12

3.What information can we get from the text?

A．Teams are given 20 minutes to answer a question.

B．A competitor gets 18 points for 6 correct titles.

C．Each round ends with the Lightning Battles.

D．A correct first name will be given 5 points.

4.If a team doesn’t compete fairly, it ______.

A．won’t be given a warm-up practice         B．won’t get help from audience members

C．will be reduced in its points                D．won’t be allowed to compete next time