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　　Charles R．Drew was a medical student at Columbia University in New York．Before he graduated, he wrote an article 　　1　　 blood bank, that is, the storing of blood．Up till then, a lot of people had died from loss of blood 　　2　　 there was no blood bank．

　　When the United States entered the Second World War, it became 　　3　　 to set up blood banks．Dr Drew became 　　4　　 of the Red Cross’s first blood bank．When the Red Cross 　　5　　 blood banks to collect and store blood for men 　　6　　 in battle, black American gave blood along with the whites．At 　　7　　 their blood was not accepted．Later blood from the blacks was 　　8　　 but was stored in a 　　9　　 place from “white” blood．Although the best doctors 　　10　　 that there was 　　11　　 difference at all between the blood of blacks and whites, the Red Cross, with the support of the government, 　　12　　 to separate black blood from white blood．

　　After the war, Dr Drew was 　　13　　 from Washington with three other doctors to attend a medical meeting in a southern state．In northern Carolina their car went 　　14　　 a ditch(深沟)and Dr Drew was 　　15　　 hurt．He had lost 　　16　　 blood by the time a passing car took him to the 　　17　　 hospital．But they were stopped at the gate of the hospital．“　　18　　 him to the hospital for blacks．” No matter 　　19　　 they said, they could not get into the hospital．They had to take him to the 　　20　　 hospital, but on the way Dr Drew died because he had lost too much blood．

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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

　　Most of us think that when we step under a shower we’re getting clean．We are, but we're also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn't even know about．

　　A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria(细菌)called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness(身体不舒服)．When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body．

　　This is a finding of Norman R．Pace and his team at the University of Colorado, in the US．The scientists investigated bacteria in all kinds of human environment, including showers．

　　Pace's team looked at 45 showerheads in nine American cities．They discovered that 30 percent of them had large amounts of flying Mycobacterium．

　　But Pace said that they pose few threats to the health．Only those with a frail(脆弱的)immune(免疫的)system might need to worry．

　　He told the New York Times that the bactertia are not as unpleasant as might be thought．He said that having a shower is no more dangerous than anything else we do in the morning．

　　But for those who feel sick about the idea of all those microorganisms(微生物), he had some advice．

　　Let the water run for 30 seconds before getting into the shower．Why? The number of bacteria is smaller than when the water is just turned on．If that seems like a waste of water, he added that you could also change your showerhead every few months．

　　But Pace had good news too．He has also been testing the air in US subways．Apart from iron particles(粒子), which are ground off the track by the wheels of trains, subway air is fresh．The reason is that a train's movement pumps fresh outdoor air into the tunnels(隧道)．

　　Pace explained that he wanted to understand the natural microbial(微生物的)environments of public places．This kind of knowledge might help detect the microbes to be used in a bioterrorist(生物恐怖分子)attack．

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完形填空

　　Charles R．Drew was a medical student at Columbia University in New York．Before he graduated, he wrote an article 　　1　　 blood bank, that is, the storing of blood．Up till then, a lot of people had died from loss of blood 　　2　　 there was no blood bank．

　　When the United States entered the Second World War, it became 　　3　　 to set up blood banks．Dr Drew became 　　4　　 of the Red Cross’s first blood bank．When the Red Cross 　　5　　 blood banks to collect and store blood for men 　　6　　 in battle, black American gave blood along with the whites．At 　　7　　 their blood was not accepted．Later blood from the blacks was 　　8　　 but was stored in a 　　9　　 place from “white” blood．Although the best doctors 　　10　　 that there was 　　11　　 difference at all between the blood of blacks and whites, the Red Cross, with the support of the government, 　　12　　 to separate black blood from white blood．

　　After the war, Dr Drew was 　　13　　 from Washington with three other doctors to attend a medical meeting in a southern state．In northern Carolina their car went 　　14　　 a ditch(深沟)and Dr Drew was 　　15　　 hurt．He had lost 　　16　　 blood by the time a passing car took him to the 　　17　　 hospital．But they were stopped at the gate of the hospital．“　　18　　 him to the hospital for blacks．” No matter 　　19　　 they said, they could not get into the hospital．They had to take him to the 　　20　　 hospital, but on the way Dr Drew died because he had lost too much blood．

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