Excerpt: ( from How Do Animals Move?)

Many animals scurry up tree trunks to escape enemies or find food. Some live in the treetops. Many of these animals are not only expert climbers, but they also have found interesting ways to get from tree to tree.

   How Do Animals Adapt? and How Do Animals Move? are comprehensive explorations of animal adaptations and movement for young readers. Both are part of a 21 book series, The Science of Living Things.

   In How Do Animals Adapt? readers learn how animals adapt to survive with respect not only to climate, darkness, food and defenses but also to offspring and people. These adaptations are well explained in double page spreads (跨报刊两版的文章) with examples clearly depicted (描绘) in photographs and diagrams and developed through their accompanying captions (图片文字说明).

   As the title suggests, movement is the focus of How Do Animals Move? Beginning with a description of the explanation of movement, the reader is exposed to the many different ways of animals movement in the air, on land, under ground and in the water. Several unconventional (新奇的) variations (e.g. looping of inchworms, the rectilinear motion of snakes) are included. Once again, the photographs and diagrams plainly support the double page spread discussions of animal movement.

   The language of both titles is simple enough for young readers without talking down to them. In both books, terminology (术语) is featured in bold. Some of these words are explained in the basic glossary（术语汇编）while the majority are explained clearly in the text. Many of these terms provide readers with some fascinating, uncommon words (e.g. brachiation, potassium, skein, and estimate). As do many of Kalman’s book, both of these titles have a table of contents, glossary and index (索引) which are all enough to introduce young readers to the nature of these tools.

   Both titles would make excellent additions to any science collection for young readers.

64. The passage is a/an______________.

   A. report                  B. review           C. advertisement        D. journal

65. What’s “excerpt” at the beginning of the passage?

   A. An introduction to some games.           B. Readers’ comment on the books.

   C. Advice on how to read the books.        D. A short piece of writing from the books.

66. What help to understand the articles in the books?

   A. Photographs and diagrams.                  B. Contents, glossary and index.

   C. Terminology and its explanations.         D. Animal adaptations and movement.

67. What do we know about the two books?

 A. They are in high demand.                   B. They are easy to understand.

    C. They have got confusing titles.            D. They are good choices for novel-readers.

This is a rabbit. It is running into its hole. You will say, “What has this to do with language?” Can you see the rabbit’s tail? When a rabbit sees something dangerous, it runs away. Its white tail moves up and down as it rurns and warns other rabbits that there is danger. The rabbit has told them something without making sound. It has given them a signal.

Many other animals use this kind of language. For example, when a bee has found some food, it goes back to its home. It cannot tell the other bees where the food is by speaking to them, but it does a little dance in the air.

____53____ A dog barks when a stranger comes near. Some birds make several different sounds, each with its own meaning. Sometimes we human beings speak in the same way by making sounds like “Oh!” or “Ah!” when we are frightened or pleased.

But we have something that no animal has a large number of words that have the meanings of things, actions, feeling or ideas. We are able to give each other information, to tell or inform other people what is in our mind or how we feel. ____54___ No animal has the wonderful power of language.

____55____ Perhaps he began by making sounds like those made by animals. Perhaps he made low rough sounds like a pig when he lifted something heavy. Perhaps he made sounds like those he heard all round him --- water splashing(溅), bee humming（发出嗡嗡声）, a stone falling to the ground. Somehow he learned to make words. As the centuries went by, he made more and more new words. This is what we mean by language.

____56____ Today there are about fifteen hundred different languages in the world. Each contains many thousand words. A very large English dictionary, for example, contains four or five hundred thousand words. But we do not need all these. To read a book you need to know only about two thousand words. Before you leave school, you will learn only a few thousand more.

根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D、E中选出最适合放入短文空缺处的选项，并将序号及相应答案写在答题纸上。选项中有一项是多余选项。

A.     Some animals say things by making sounds.

B.      No one knows how man learned to make words.

C.      People living in different countries made different kinds of words.

D.     Some people are good at listening to and communicating with animals.

E.      By writing words down we can remember things that have happened, or send messages to people far away.

We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy
Here’s a familiar version of the boy-meets-girl situation. A young man has at last plucked up courage to invite a dazzling young lady out to dinner. She has accepted his invitation and he is overjoyed. He is determined to take her to the best restaurant in town, even if it means that he will have to live on memories and hopes during the month to come. When they get to the restaurant, he discovers that this ethereal creature is on a diet. She mustn’t eat this and she mustn’t that. Oh, but of course, she doesn’t want to spoil his enjoyment. Let him by all means eat as much fattening food as he wants: it’s the surest way to an early grave. They spend a truly memorable evening together and never see each other again.
What a miserable lot dieters are! You can always recognize them from the sour expression on their faces. They spend most of their time turning their noses up at food. They are forever consulting calorie charts; gazing at themselves in mirrors; and leaping on to weighing-machines in the bathroom. They spend a lifetime fighting a losing battle against spreading hips, protruding tummies and double chins. Some wage all-out war on FAT. Mere dieting is not enough. They exhaust themselves doing exercises, sweating in sauna baths, being pummeled and massaged by weird machines. The really wealthy diet-mongers pay vast sums for ‘health cures’. For two weeks they can enter a nature clinic and be starved to death for a hundred guineas a week. Don’t think it’s only the middle-aged who go in for these fads either. Many of these bright young things you see are suffering from chronic malnutrition: they are living on nothing but air, water and the goodwill of God.
Dieters undertake to starve themselves of their own free will; so why are they so miserable? Well, for one thing, they’re always hungry. You can’t be hungry and happy at the same time. All the horrible concoctions they eat instead of food leave them permanently dissatisfied. Wonderfood(奇妙的事物) is a complete food, the advertisement says. ‘Just dissolve a teaspoonful in water…’. A complete food it may be, but not quite as complete as a juicy steak. And, of course, they’re always miserable because they feel so guilty. Hunger just proves too much for them and in the end they lash out and devour five huge guilt-inducing cream cakes at a sitting. And who can blame them? At least three times a day they are exposed to temptation. What utter torture it is always watching others tucking into piles of mouth-watering food while you munch a water biscuit and sip unsweetened lemon juice!
What’s all this self-inflicted torture for? Saintly people deprive themselves of food to attain a state of grace. Unsaintly（saintly<圣洁的>的反义词） people do so to attain a state of misery. It will be a great day when all the dieters in the world abandon their slimming courses; when they hold out their plates and demand second helpings!

1. 1.

   The best title for this passage is

   1. A.
      On Fat
   2. B.
      We Should All Grow Fat and Be Happy
   3. C.
      Many Diseases Are Connected with Fat
   4. D.
      Diet Deprives People of Normal Life
2. 2.

   Why do they never see each other again?

   1. A.
      Because it is a memorable evening
   2. B.
      Because she lets him eat as much fattening food as he wants
   3. C.
      Because she does not eat this and drink that
   4. D.
      Because eating fattening food is the surest way to an early grave
3. 3.

   Which of the following ways is NOT mentioned for diet?

   1. A.
      Doing exercises
   2. B.
      Not eating sugar
   3. C.
      Not eating fat
   4. D.
      Taking sauna baths
4. 4.

   What is the author’s attitude toward diet?

   1. A.
      Persuasive
   2. B.
   3. C.
      ritical
   4. D.
   5. E.
      ndifferent
   6. F.
      Adversative

根据短文内容, 从下框A~F选项中选出能概括每段主题的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。选项中有一项为多余项。

A. Control of respiration

B. Basic tips for preserving cut flowers

C. Role of respiration

D. Most important aspect of flower care

E. Need for clean water

F. Ways of stopping respiration

1.______________

While everybody enjoys fresh cut flowers around his house, few people know how to keep them for as long as possible. This may be done by keeping in mind a few simple facts. The key to keeping fresh cut flower for a week or more without preservatives ( which contain biocides (杀虫剂) that kill bacterial and fungus) is to keep the water fresh and the stems free of air pockets so they can continue to draw up water.

2._____________

  An important thing to remember about cut flowers is that they are sensitive to temperature. For example, studies have shown that cut carnations retain their freshness eight times longer when kept at 12℃ than when kept at 26℃. Keeping freshly harvested flowered at the right temperatures is probably the most important aspect of flower care.

3._____________

  The process by which flowers consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide, called respiration (呼吸), supplies the energy the flower needs to give the flower its shape and color. The making of seeds also depends on this energy. While all living things respire, flowers have a high level of respiration. A result of all this respiration is heat, and for flowers the level of heat relative to the mass of the flower is very high. Respiration also brings about the eventual death of the flower. Thus the greater the level of respiration, the sooner the flower dies.

4.______________

  How, then, to control the speed at which flowers die? By controlling respiration. How is respiration controlled? By controlling temperature, we know that respiration produces heat, but the reverse ( 反面 ) is also true. Thus by keeping low temperatures, respiration is reduced and the cut flower will age more slowly.

5._____________

  Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water in which they are placed. Flowers find it difficult to “drink” water that is dirty or otherwise polluted. Even when water looks and smells clean, it almost certainly contains harmful substances that can endanger the flowers. To rid the water of these unwanted substances, chlorine bleach ( 含氯漂白剂 ) can be used in small quantities. It is recommended that 15 drops of chlorine bleach be added to each liter of water. The water and solution （ 溶液 ）should also be replaced each day.