Over the last 70 years,researchers have been studying happy and unhappy people and finally found out ten factors that make a difference.Our feelings of well-being at any moment are determined to a certain degree by genes.However,of all the factors,wealth and age are the top two.

Money can buy a degree of happiness.But once you can afford to feed,clothe and house yourself,each extra dollar makes less and less difference.

Researchers find that,on average,wealthier people are happier.But the link between money and happiness is complex.In the past half-century,average income has sharply increased in developed countries,yet happiness levels have remained almost the same.Once your basic needs are met,money only seems to increase happiness if you have more than your friends,neighbors and colleagues.

“Dollars buy status,and status makes people feel better,”conclude some experts,which helps explain why people who can seek status in other ways—scientists or actors,for example—may happily accept relatively poorly-paid jobs.

In a research,Professor Alex Michalos found that the people whose desires—not just for money,but for friends,family,job,health—rose furthest beyond what they already had,tended to be less happy than those who felt a smaller gap(差距).Indeed,the size of the gap predicted happiness about five times better than income alone.“The gap measures just blow away the only measures of income,”says Michalos.

Another factor that has to do with happiness is age.Old age may not be so bad.“Given all the problems of aging,how could the elderly be more satisfied?”asks Professor Laura Carstensen.

In one survey,Carstensen interviewed 184 people between the ages of 18 and 94,and asked them to fill out an emotions questionaire.She found that old people reported positive emotions just as often as young people,but negative emotions much less often.

Why are old people happier?Some scientists suggest older people may expect life to be harder and learn to live with it,or they’re more realistic about their goals,only setting ones that they know they can achieve.But Carstensen thinks that with time running out,older people have learned to focus on things that make them happy and let go of those that don’t.

“People realize not only what they have,but also that what they have cannot last forever,”she says.“A goodbye kiss to a husband or wife at the age of 85,for example,may bring far more complex emotional responses than a similar kiss to a boy or girl friend at the age of 20.”

1.According to the passage,the feeling of happiness ______.

A.is determined partly by genes

B.increases gradually with age

C.has little to do with wealth

D.is measured by desires

2.Some actors would like to accept poorly-paid jobs because the jobs ______.

A.make them feel much better

B.provide chances to make friends

C.improve their social position

D.satisfy their professional interests

3.Aged people are more likely to feel happy because they are more ______.

A.optimistic

B.successful

C.practical

D.emotional

4.Professor Alex Michalos found that people feel less happy if ______.

A.the gap between reality and desire is bigger

B.they have a stronger desire for friendship

C.their income is below their expectation

D.the hope for good health is greater

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,有两项为多余选项.

Cooking with your children is a great way to involve them in the process of decision-making and taking responsibility for themselves．    1.    and they will be more willing to make their own snacks meals and bag lunches when they have the skills to be successful in it．

    Plan ahead--Choose a time when you will be relaxed and not disturbed．Easier said than done． For children cooking needs lots of patience and time to learn by doing things for themselves．    2.  

    Supervise(监督指导)--Have an adult nearby to help with sharp utensils(炊具)，electric appliances and the stove．

    Prepare--Wear an apron or old clothes．    3.   

    Organize--Read the entire recipe and gather ingredients arid utensils before you begin．If you put each ingredient away as you use it，it will be easy to tell what you have already put in if you get interrupted in the middle of the recipe．

    Safety--Turn pot handles inward away from other burners so they don’t overheat or get knocked off the stove．Never reach across burners or pots that are hot．Never use wet cloths，as steam will form and burn you．Be careful with electric cords．    4.    Double-check that you have turned all appliances off when you finish cooking．

      5.    Get cooking and have fun with your kids

A．Cooking also helps them develop a sense of accomplishment and practice language and math skills and gives them an opportunity to share their creations with others

B．Cooking for yourself requires the time and ability to do it and access to the necessary ingredients

C．With a little help and a lot of encouragement，your children will become confident cooks with the ability to prepare meals and make bag lunches on their own

D．First of all the children must have the knowledge of how to cook

E．Use dry hands to unplug them and make sure they aren’t lying across a stove burner

F．A relaxed pace will help you resist grabbing(抓起)the utensils to do it yourself

G．Tie back long hair，roll up long sleeves and remove jewelry

Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one example. Another  is  the  rise  of despots(独裁者) like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes come from experiences. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was  indirect  and  cumulative(累积的). The Nazis got certain ideas largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

　 The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a key position to influence(影响) attitudes. This is true partly because children obtain attitudes from those adults who they respect.

　 Another reason is that pupils are often curious about a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who has previously got little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of dealing with such a unit will greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

　　However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to change their feelings by praising or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain good experiences.

For example, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably change their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research outside reading and all-day trips.

　　Finally a teacher must not constantly show her own attitudes because her influence can be no good if she has personal prejudices(偏见). This is especially true in respect to controversial(引起争议的) questions  on  which  children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis(分析) of all the facts.

1.. The passage mainly tells us _____.

     A. attitudes affect our actions

     B. teachers play an important role in developing children’s attitudes

     C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences

     D. teachers gradually affect pupils’ attitudes by their attitudes

2.. In the first paragraph the writer gives us two examples to _____.

     A. show that attitudes come from experiences        B. compare with each other

     C. show all experiences are direct and impressive     D. tell experiences from attitudes

3..When children in school have unpleasant attitudes, teachers should _____.

     A. change their feelings by scolding them         B. think highly of their good attitudes

     C. help them by giving them good experiences     D. take no notice of their feelings

4..The passage specially states in the last paragraph that _____.

     A. direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones

     B. what a child learns in school has already been introduced at home

     C. teachers can sometimes have a bad influence on children

     D. teachers should always cover up their own attitudes

 Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably his _______ one.

A.better-known                          B.well-known

C.best-known                                D.most-known

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable（可持续的）ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil, which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions（排放）and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.

The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

1.The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that _________.

A．it consumes natural resources

B．it makes the world warmer

C．it brings severe damage to forests

D．it makes growth hard to continue

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A．China lacks wind and solar energy.

B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market.

C．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

D．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.

3.To fully develop the low-carbon markets, governments can ________.

A．cut public expenses                     B．encourage energy conservation

C．develop public resources                 D．forbid carbon emission

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To advocate sustainable development.       B．To compare two business models.

C．To predict a change of the global market.     D．To introduce a new business model.