What exactly is a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from  you. You say “I wish I could help you, but I am short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don’t want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie?

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of southern California has made a scientific study of lying. According to him, women are better lies than men, particularly when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it’s terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise that they have no intention of carrying out. This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at: the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way.

Research has been done into the way people’s behavior changes in a number of small, unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time, they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained observer they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. They also tend to touch certain parts of the face, particularly the nose. One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure. The tip of the nose is very sensitive to changes and the increased pressure makes it itch.

Another gesture that gives liars away is what the writer Decmond Morris in his book Man Watching calls the “mouth cover”. He says that there are several typical forms of this, such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers, touch the upper lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side off the mouth. Such a gesture can be understood as an unconscious(未察觉的) attempt on the part of the liar to stop himself from lying.

Of course, such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth, moving about in a chair can not be taken as proof that the speaker is lying. They simply tend to happen more often in this situation. It is one gesture alone that gives the liar away but a whole number of things, and in particular the context(上下文) which the lie is told.

1.According to the passage, a white lie seems to be a lie ______.

A. that other people believe   

B. that other people don’t believe

C. told in order not to hurt someone’s feelings

D. told in order to take advantage of someone

2.Research suggests that women _____.

A. are better at telling less serious lies than men

B. generally lie for more than men do

C. often make promises they intend to break

D. lie at parties more often than men do

3.Researchers find that when a person tells lies _____.

A. his blood pressure increases measurably

B. he looks very serious

C. he is likely to make some small changes in his behavior

D. he uses his unconscious mind

4.The writer of the passage______.

A. hates lying      B. enjoys lying     C. often tells a lie   D. tries to study about lying

5.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as a sign of lying ?

A. Touching one’s ears                 B. Rubbing the nose 

C. Moving in a chair                D. Covering the mouth

Sea lions and seals may swim in cold ocean water, but even they get chilly sometimes. Seeing an injured seal wrapped in a blanket at a marine(海的) mammal center gave Haley Humes and Hayley Jeffries an idea for a special Girl Scout project. They decided to make blankets to keep injured animals warm. They would give these blankets to the Pacific Marine Mammal Center in Laguna Beach, California.
“We knew we wanted to help animals,” Haley said. “We went to the center to ask questions about what they needed. They don’t have a heated floor, and all the babies crowded together to stay warm.”
Friends since kindergarten, Haley and Hayley made 12 blankets to keep the Marine Mammal Center’s seals and sea lions warm. Using fun images like Winnie-the-Pooh, the girls took two hours to make each blanket. The first sea lion to test out a blanket looked pretty in pink.
“It was a sick baby and really liked it,” Haley said. “It curled up in it right away.”
“The blankets are beautiful and the animals love them!” said the Mammal Center’s Michele Hunter. “It’s nice to see children taking pride in their work and doing something to help animals.”
During the project, the girls took dozens of pictures for the PowerPoint presentations they gave to Girl Scout leaders. Those presentations helped Haley and Hayley raise $250 to buy additional supplies the center needed.
This was the first project the girls ever worked on and took months to plan and carry out.
“I learned that in order to make something happen, you have to take it slowly and step by step,” Hayley said. Just as important, the girls discovered that two people really can make a difference. “Knowing you’re making a difference……with these animals is amazing,” Haley said. “It was like the animals became my new friends.”
The Pacific Marine Mammal Center cares for sea lions and seals, as well as for other marine mammals. Since opening in 1971,the center has saved more than 5,000 injured marine mammals.
【小题1】          What does the underlined word“ chilly” in Paragraph 1 mean?

Job advertising on the web

Register a new account

Log in to an existing account

Promote your casual work, graduate or internship(实习职位),opportunity with an advertisement on the Careers Centre database free of charge. Your advertisement will be viewable to all university of Sydney students and appear in 'Job Alert' – a daily email to subscribing students. You can also target alumni (up to five years after graduation) – advertise on our database and it will be visible at AlumniOnline.

If you advertise through the Careers Centre you will need to agree to our advertising terms and conditions.

Unpaid work

We are unable to advertise unpaid internship work experience or volunteer positions unless:

the position fulfills part of a University curriculum and has faculty approval, or

it is a volunteer position with a registered not-for-profit organisation.

Our unpaid and volunteering work info brochure has essential information for employers wishing to offer unpaid work including alternative suggestions. You can also contact the Careers Centre for assistance.

Submit an advertisement

To upload your job advertisement:

log in to the Careers Centre employer database – if you don't have a username you'll need to request a new account

click 'job ads' and fill out the form

agree to our advertising terms and conditions

submit your advertisement for review by the Careers Centre.

Advertisements are displayed for a maximum of two months. If your position is filled before your registered deadline please log in to the database and withdraw your ad.

What to include in your advertisement

We've found there is generally a better response to advertisements that are clear and informative. The following information is important to include:

job title and description of duties

skills and/or experience required

hours worked, and flexibility with regard to study/exam timetables

location of the work

pay rate/basis of payment – visit the Fair Work online website for pay rates and other employment conditions, or call their help line on 131394

how to apply and close date for applications

your contact details, including email address and phone number for Careers Centre staff (these do not appear with the job advertisement, however they are required for office purposes should we need to contact you).

Cost

It is free to advertise on our jobs database.

Related services

For greater promotion of your opportunities, consider:

sending a targeted email-out to the students you wish to recruit（雇佣 ）

booking a booth at a careers fair if you are promoting a graduate or internship program.

Contact us

For help submitting an advertisement or more information, contact the Industry Development Team:

P (02) 8627 8408

E careers.administration@sydney.edu.aucareers.administration[at]sydney.edu.au.

1.What kind of people is the passage intended for?

A．people recruiting employers

B．members in the Careers Centre

C．job-hunters in university of Sydney

D．undergraduates who need to improve the ability to study and work

2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the article?

A．Registering a new account every time you log in

B．Advertisements are displayed for a minimum of two months.

C．Advertising unpaid positions with registered non-profit organizations is permitted.

D．All job ads will appear online once they are submitted.

3.What should be included in your advertisement?

A．job title, experience required and sex

B．hours worked, age and location of the work

C．marriage, contact details and location of the work

D．experience required, payment and contact details

Our planet is in trouble．Polluting industries and corporations are destroying our planet, resulting in increasing global temperatures, melting ice caps, and economic turmoil（混乱）．All across the country, folks are waking up to the reality that if they do not ad now to solve the environmental problems of today, the consequences are unthinkable．If we don’t i ct now, who will? Fortunately, an amazing team of young leaders are taking action．They a e getting involved with the Greenpeace Student Network!
The Student Network has student leaders who deal with the most pressing environmental issues．We have organized and won inspiring campaigns．Convincing corporations to change their ways and politicians to do the right thing．All thanks to our team of leaders, known as Campus Coordinators．
Campus Coordinators are located all across the United States, and even Canada! They work on Greenpeace Student Network campaigns at their schools and in their communities．They organize events like film screenings and days of action．They hold meetings with elected officials, work with the media, recruit（招募） volunteers, and mobilize（动员） their campus to take action! They do all of this with excellent training and expert support from our team of Student: Network staff．Campus Coordinators develop their leadership skins and become an unstoppable force for green solutions on pus and in their community．
Currently, the Greenpeace Student Network is campaigning to solve the largest environmental threat to humankind: global warming．With only months until a new international treaty（协议）on global warming is decided this December, the time to stand up and take the lead has never been
more important,
If you are concerned with environmental issues, want to mobilize your scho4l and community, nd are ready to become a skilled organizer and strong leader, then the Campus Coordinator position is for you! We are now accepting applications for the Fall 2009-Spring 2010 academic year．
Are you ready to be a leader on your campus?
Apply to be a Campus Coordinator today!        
【小题1】Why does the author write the passage?                        

After giving a talk at a high school, I was asked to pay a visit to a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he had expressed an interest in meeting me. I was told it would mean a great deal to him, so I agreed.
During the nine-mile drive to his home, I found out something about Matthew. He had muscular dystrophy (肌萎缩症). When he was born, the doctor told his parents that he would not live to five, and then they were told he would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I was a gold-medal power lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles and going for my dreams.
I spent over an hour talking to Matthew. Never once did he complain or ask, “Why me?” He spoke about winning and succeeding and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He didn’t mention that his classmates had made fun of him because he was different. He just talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weights with me. When we had finished talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I had won and put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”
Last summer I received a letter from Matthew’s parents telling me that Matthew had passed away. They wanted me to have a letter he had written to me a few days before:
Dear Dick,
My mum said I should send you a thank-you letter for the picture you sent me. I also want to let you know that the doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any more, but I still smile as much as I can.
I told you someday that I would go to the Olympics and win a gold medal, but I know now I will never get to do that. However, I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to you. Thank you for loving me.
Your friend,
Matthew
【小题1】The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means that_______.