Disposing（处理）of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it．As more and more people choose to live close together in cities,the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult．

During the eighteenth century,it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot as a dump site．Residents or trash haulers（垃圾拖运者）would transport household rubbish,rotted wood,and old possessions to the site．Periodically some of the trash was burned and the rest was buried．The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody lived close by．

Factories,mills,and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of．Those located on rivers often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water．Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal with the problem．

Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society．The first problem is space Dumps,which are now called landfills,are most needed in heavily populated areas．Such areas rarely have empty land suitable for this purpose．Property is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods．Long-distance trash hauling has been a common practice but once farm areas are refusing to accept rubbish from elsewhere,cheap land within trucking distance of major city areas is almost nonexistent．

Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal．Pollution of rivers,ground water,land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste．The amount of waste,however,continues to grow．

Recycling efforts have become commonplace,and many towns require their people to take part．Even the most efficient recycling programs,however,can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a city’s reusable waste．

1.The most suitable title for this passage would be ______．

2.During the 18th century,people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for ______．

3.What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?

4.The main purpose of writing this article is to ______．

第二节 完形填空 （共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）

     请阅读西面短文，，掌握其大意，然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项的标号涂黑。

Introduction to letters to Sam

Dear Reader,

     Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book. When my     36    ,Sam,was born , my heart was filled with joy . I had been sitting  in a wheelchair for 20 years before then ,and I have been     37     ill many times . So I wondered if I would have the

     38   to tell Sam what I had      39 .

     For years I have been hosting a program on the     40     and writing articles for a  magazine .  Being     41 to move freely , I have learned to sit still and keep my  heart    42   , exchanging thoughts with  thousands of listeners and     43  . So when Sam was born .I

     44   to tell him about school and fridship , romance and work , love and everything else . That how I started to write these     45     , I hope that Sam would     46     them sooner or later .

     However , that expectation     47   when  Sam showed aigns of autism (自闭症) at the age of two , He had actually stopped talking before the discovery of the signs . He    48   to communicate with others , even the family members . That was    49  for me but didn’t stop me writing on . I realized that I even    50  now to tell him . I wanted him to    51     what it means to be “diffenet” from others , and learn how to fight against the misfortune  he’ll    52   

as I myself .. his grandfather ,did ,I just     53  if  I could write all that I wanted to say in the rest of my life .

Now .   54    the book has been pubhshed . I have been given the chance , Every chapter in the book is a letter to Sam: some about my life .and all about what it means to be a     55  .

                                                               Daniel Gottlied

36.A.son     B. nephew  C.brother D.grandson

37.A.seriously     B.mentally   C. slightly        D.quictly

38. A.ability       B.time        C.courage          D.reaponsibuty

39. A.writen        B. sulfered   C.observed         D.lost

40. A. radio        B. television   C.stage  D.bed

41. A.ready         B.unable      C.anxious          D.cager

42. A.warm          B.broken      C.closed           D.open

43. A.hosts         B.vistors     C. readers         D.reportets

44. A.boon          B.stopped     C.forgot           D.decided

45.A.letters         B.emunls      C.books            D.diaries

46. A.bad        B. read       C. collecd         D.keep

47. A. decdoped     B.disappeared C. changed         D.arrived

48. A.ined          B.refused     C. regreed         D.hoped

49. A.exciting      B.aeceptable C.strange       D.heartherathing

50. A.less          B.eventhing  C.more             D.nothing

51. A. understand   B.explam      C.believe          D.question

52. A.fear          B.face        C. know            D.cause

53. A.felt          B.guessed     C.saw              D.doubted

54. A. as           B.once        C. thought         D.if

55. A.teacher       B. child      C. man             D.witct

They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that makes up 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed. A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored (政府资助的) youth center, even among those who are continuing their studies.

   “We study for jobs that don’t exist,” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said.

   After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12.3 million people, and the number is climbing.

   The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent. The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France.

    One form of protest(抗议) tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity.

    Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents. Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, even the right to a standard of living that they see around them.

    “And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the café, and sit and stare,” said Isabella Cault. "There is usually not much conversation. You look for happiness. Sometimes you even find it.”

1.Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected _______

A. about 0.6 million people                       B. 250,000 people

C. 1ess than half of the population                  D. one million people

2.What Nicollete Steggerda said (Para.2) means that ________.

A. what the students learn is more than necessary

B. the students cannot get work after graduation

C. the students’ aim in study is not clear

D. school education is not sufficient

3.The underlined word ‘‘it” in the last paragraph most probably refers to ________.

A. material enjoyment                                       B. a sense of expectation

C. a job                                                               D. happiness

4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A. British youths have pity on the unemployed on the Continent．

B. British youths care about unemployment in France and Belgium．

C. British youths show their disappointment over joblessness．

D. British youths have confidence to find work on the Continent．

阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文并回答问题，然后将答案写到答题卡相应的位置上（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

Environmentally friendly gifts are perfect for birthdays, anniversaries, and other holidays. The quality of environmentally friendly gifts is usually comparable to or even better than the quality of gifts that are not as environmentally friendly. Because there are such a wide variety of environmentally friendly gifts available on the market, you have many great ideas to choose from. You’ll be able to buy gifts for everyone on your list and do your part to __________.

You can actually give many gifts that have been made from recycled paper. The quality of recycled paper is just as good as the paper made from raw materials, so you can give a quality gift and still do your part to protect the environment. This recycled paper is turned into gifts like journals, diaries, note cards, and similar items. Just because they’re made from recycled paper doesn’t mean that they’re going to be plain or boring. Recycled paper can be dyed many colors and gifts can be made in a wide variety of styles and textures. With the wide variety of gifts available, you’re sure to find something that your friends and family members will love.

Clothing featuring plants, animals, and flowers is popular among nature lovers. If you are able to visit a store offering nature clothing, you’ll have a wide selection to choose from. Jackets, shirts, and other clothing items can have nature scenes printed on them for your favorite nature lover. If you want to personalize these items, you can even have the receiver’s name printed on each item to make an extra-special gift. Many of these items can be made with natural fibers for an environmentally friendly gift that your loved one will enjoy for years.

      Giving environmentally friendly gifts is a great way to show friends and family members with a love of nature that you care about their interests. Even the simplest gift will be appreciated if it shows that you thought about what your loved one enjoys and gave them something that fits in with their environmentally friendly lifestyle. Not only will you be giving a wonderful gift that your loved ones can enjoy for a long time, you’ll also be doing your part to protect the environment.

1. What is the best title for the passage? (Please answer within 8 words.)

______________________________________________________________

2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

There are so many gifts of this kind that you can surely find something perfect for your family or your friends.

______________________________________________________________

3. Please fill in the blank (in the first paragraph) with the proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 8 words.)

______________________________________________________________

4. Find the words that mean the same from the passage.

   (1) __________ v. to mark sth. in some way to show that it belongs to a particular person

   (2) __________ n. a collection of things from which sth. can be chosen

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.

______________________________________________________________

完形填空(共20小题；每小题l 5分，满分30分)

    阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

After winning a big game，athletes are often asked how they feel．Usually athletes say how  21  it is to win this big game．On the contrary，the fact is that losing a big game，or in my case，all the games，can be even harder．

From the spectators’ point of view，last year’s basketball  22  for my high school team was nothing  23  of an embarrassment．And  24  0—20 is certainly nothing to be proud of，that season had a bigger impact on me than any other．As a team captain，I knew it probably wouldn’t be the  25  year，but did I ever think we would lose every game？Of course not．Since six of our top players had graduated，it was clear that we were a (n)  26  team who would struggle．The struggle began earlier than expected，  27  ，as our team center was suspended (禁赛) for the season，and two key members decided to  28  for some reason．At this point，dropping out probably passed through every player’s mind，but in the end，we all stuck it out，  29  to work still harder．

Then there came a time when even our  30  had given up on us．Personally，I felt like it was  31  worthwhile giving my all．I thought，if even the coach doesn’t believe in us，why should I？But just as my hope began to  32 ，a teammate called a meeting．He said，“Nobody thinks we are going to win，but，as teammates and friends，we  33  it to each other to go all out every game．”

It was that moment that  34  me how to be a leader．It hit me that I certainly didn’t  35  the role．As a leader you can never quit  36  the team who looks up to you．It is one  37  to be named captain，feel great and go through the motions，but it is quite another to be a real captain and make sure everyone realizes their full  38  all the time．

I am sure it is great to go through without losing and bringing home awards．But in all honesty，I  39  the fact that my team lost every game last year．It may not help me to become a better basketball player，but it already has made me a better leader，and  40 ．

1.A．exciting         B．pleasant        C．tough           D．significant

2.A．game             B．event           C．league          D．season

3.A．short            B．full            C．lacking         D．sufficient

4.A．as               B．while           C．since           D．now that

5.A．most interesting B．dullest         C．most difficult     D．easiest

6.A．unique           B．adventurous     C．young           D．untraining

7.A．meanwhile        B．though          C．instead         D．somehow

8.A．quit             B．stay            C．resign          D．rest

9.A．hoping           B．swearing        C．claiming        D．wishing

10.A．fans           B．classmates      C．teachers        D．coach

11.A．only too        B．more than       C．not a little        D．no longer

12.A．fade           B．gain            C．destroy         D．grow

13.A．owe             B．think           C．demand          D．recommend

14.A．reminded        B．told            C．taught          D．guided

15.A．act             B．deserve         C．make            D．take

16.A．with           B．alongside       C．on              D．for

17.A．matter          B．aspect          C．issue           D．thing

18.A．potential       B．goal            C．enthusiasm     D．confidence

19.A．hate           B．treasure        C．admit           D．recognize

20.A．character       B．captain         C．person          D．coach