（2011·安徽卷）B

Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources（来源）, as well as one of the oldest. Evidence shows that windmills（风车）began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.

For many centuries, people used windmills to grind（磨碎）wheat into flour or pump water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s, when electricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were rarely used.

During the 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.

60. From the text we know that windmills              .

A. were invented by European armies

B. have a history of more than 2800 years

C. used to supply power to radio in remote areas

D. have rarely been used since electricity was discovered

61. What was a new use for wind power in the late l9th century?

A. Sailing a boat. 

B. Producing electricity.

C. Grinding wheat into flour.

D. Pumping water from underground.

62. One of the reasons wind was rediscovered in the 1970s is that             .

A. wind power is cleaner

B. it is one of the oldest power sources

C. it was cheaper to create energy from wind

D. the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs

63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. The advantage of wind power.

B. The design of wind power plants.

C. The worldwide movement to save energy.

D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.

【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据末段句子Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind可知，接下来作者应该谈论利用风能发电的情况，因此选择D项。

阅读下文，完成文后各题。

“进化”不了的爱

孙君飞

进化论包含着残酷的丛林法则，也隐含着生命的自私自利性。一个生命个体要想很好地生存下去，必须要将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”，否则优胜劣汰的只能是自己。不过，人们在观察工蜂时，惊讶地发现，它们并未受到进化论的影响，它们混沌若当初，或者说它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，这使它们成为生命进化中的另类。

工蜂属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，因此它们自身没有繁殖能力。这种缺陷可怕而又不幸，然而工蜂对此无动于衷，甘愿终身携带着缺陷而生，从未奢望将自身进化得更完美更强悍。值得称道的是，工蜂的适应性反而很强大，它们拥有相当厉害的武器——毒刺，刺上长有倒钩，一旦“亮剑”就不能回收利用。工蜂的毒刺是不折不扣的双刃剑，在伤及侵害者的同时，自己的生命也面临着终结。

蜜蜂家族中令人难以置信的社会结构更加震惊着世人的心灵，在这里一切都那么井然有序，合乎“法则”，一切又那么一往情深，合乎“生命之爱”。蜜蜂的利他主义行为也许会让达尔文难以理解，失去繁殖能力却能够将各种特征和习性一代代传承下去的工蜂可能更让达尔文目瞪口呆吧。答案其实很简单，一切都源于蜜蜂与众不同的遗传结构。换言之，存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，只有它们才会驱使工蜂去鞠躬尽瘁地照顾其它跟自己具有相同基因的生命，甚至为对方牺牲自己，却无怨无悔。

蜂后产下的受精卵天生高贵，常常会孵化出雌性幼蜂，而延续高贵的办法只有一个：它们只有食用了工蜂分泌的蜂王浆之后，才能发育成具有生殖能力的小蜂后，否则它们在长大后依然属于工蜂——从出生时开始，便将生命献给蜂群、终日辛劳的工蜂！

由于小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，从身形外貌上看，彼此也几乎一模一样，这也许使工蜂顿感一阵甜蜜而幸福、神圣而自豪的恍然：站在我面前的，莫不是又一个“我”？我由此获得了新生，得到了永恒……工蜂在含辛茹苦喂养小蜂后的过程中，彼此的血缘关系升至最亲密最牢固。它们原本不是毫不相关的两个，而是见证生命延续、利他友爱的两个。因为相同的基因存活在它们的生命之中，工蜂在潜意识里将蜂后看得比自己的生命更为重要，为了对方、也为了另一个“我”和“我们”，它们可以在必要时完全放弃自己现实的生命及其未来。

（选自在《思维与智慧》有删节）

下列关于“工蜂”的表述，不符合原文意思的一项是

  A．作为生命个体，工蜂的生命隐含着自私自利性，要想不被淘汰，它必须将自己变得更优秀，学会“排他”。   

  B．工蜂之所以成为生命进化中的另类，是因为它们完美地保持着一种纯粹而崇高的精神，并未受到进化论的影响。   

  C．工蜂的适应性很强，尾部长有倒钩的毒刺是相当厉害的武器，在伤及侵害者的同时，工蜂的生命也意味着终结。   

  D．从出生开始，就为蜂群而终日辛劳的工蜂，能把各种特征和习性一代代传承下去，靠的是与众不同的遗传结构。

下列有关“蜜蜂繁殖"的表述，符合原文意思的一项是

  A．蜂后是具有生殖能力的雌性蜂，产下的受精卵天生高贵，孵化出雌性幼蜂，幼蜂长大以后就成为新一代蜂后。

  B．工蜂自身没有繁殖能力，属于生殖器官发育不完善的雌性蜂，即便能够产卵，也只是没有受精的卵，不能孵化幼蜂。

  C．存在于工蜂体内的遗传基因极其顽强，它驱使工蜂分泌蜂王浆，鞠躬尽瘁地照顾和自己具有相同基因的“孩子”。

  D．蜂后负责产卵，工蜂负责喂养幼蜂，因而小蜂后的基因与工蜂的基因几乎相同，身形外貌上也几乎一模一样。

下列根据原文信息所作的推断，不正确的一项是

  A．采粉、酿蜜、饲喂幼虫的工蜂是蜂群的主体，儿歌唱的“小蜜蜂，整天忙，采花蜜，酿蜜糖”，指的就是工蜂。

  B．蜜蜂家族一切都井然有序，合乎“法则”，合乎“生命之爱”，人类如果借鉴了这种社会结构．可能会更有利于社会和谐。

  C．为了蜂后和后代，工蜂不惜牺牲自己，是因为它们有奉献精神，潜意识里将蜂后和后代看得比自己的生命更重要。

  D．工蜂一生从事的是利他的事业，而不是优化自己的结构来繁衍后代，从这一点来看，    达尔文的进化论“适者生存”不科学。

第二节：完形填空（．共20小题每小题1分，满分20分）   
阅读下下面短文，从后各题所给的，四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最隹选项。
I was walking downa．darkly lit street late one,evening when I heard ambiguous screams coming from behind bushes．Alarmed,I  36  to listen, and panicked  37  I realized that what l WaS hearing were the,definite sounds．of  a  38  ：heavy noise, and tearing of cloth．
A woman was beingattacked． Should I get  39   ?1 was frightened for my own   40 , and blamed myself for having  41  decided to take a new route home that night．Shouldn't I justrunto the nearest phone and call the  42  ?
Although it seemed an etemity（漫长）,the deliberations in my head had  43  only sec-onds, but already the girl's cries were growing   44  I knew I had to act fast． How  45  I  walk away from this? No,Ifmally determined,  I  could not tum my back on the  46  of  this Unknown woman, even if it meant  47   my ownlife．
I am not a brave man, nor amI athletic．I don't know where I found the moral  48     and physical strength- but once I had finally determined to help the girl,I became strangely    49  I ran behind the bushes and pulled．the attacker  50   the woman． Grasping, wefell to the ground, where we wrestled for a few mrnutes until the manjumped up and escaped．
Breathing hard,I stood upright and   51  the  girl, who stayed down behind a tree, sob-bing．In the darkness,I could barely see her outline, but I could certainly  52  her trem-bling shock．Not wanting to frighten her further,I  53  spoke to her from a distance． "The man ran away． You're safe now．’’There was a long pause and then I heard the words, said in  wonder, in  54 ．"Dad, is that you?" And then, from behind the tree, out  55  my  youngest daughter, Katherine．
36．A．broke down   B．slowed down   C．calmed down  D．tumed down
37．A．when        B．until        C．before         D．though
38．A．quarrel        B．conversation  C．struggle        D．dispute
39．A．involved      B．informed     C．conquered    D．deserted
40．A．property      B．safety          C．appearance    D．presence
41．A．quickly        B．bravely        C．suddenly      D．cleverly
42．A．friend          B．neighbour    C．folk         D．police
43．A．abandoned          B．covered       C．held        D．taken
44．A．louder         B．clearer         C．weaker        D．heavier
45．A．should         B．could       C．would          D．must
46．A．fate         B．face         C．moment       D．spot
47．A．saving         B．risking         C．losing          D．devoting
48．A．lesson          B．spirit       C．story       D．courage
49．A．behaved       B．performed    C．transformed   D．Expressed
50．A．off          B．down         C．from       D．over
51．A．attended      B．appreciated  C．negotiated     D．approached
52．A．sense       B．feel         C．observe        D．hear
53．A．after all       B．at first         C．as well         D．asa result
54．A．surprise       B．disappointment C．sorrbw         D．amazement
55．A．cried       B．looked         C．stepped        D．showed

根据短文内容，从下面的A-F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。

A. Review（复习）regularly

B. Make good use of class time

C. Find a good place to study

D. Plan your time carefully 

E. Scan浏览） before you read

F. Take notes in class

Maybe you are an average student with an average intelligent. You probably think you will never be a top student. This is not necessarily so. Anyone can become a better scholar if he or she wants to be.  The following suggestions may be helpful to you:

1.

When you plan your week, you should make a list of things that you have to do. Be sure to set aside（抽出） enough time to complete the work that you are normally assigned each week. Of course, studying shouldn't occupy all of your free time. Don't  forget  to  set  aside  enough  time for entertainment, hobbies and relaxation.

2.

Look around the house for a good study area. Keep this space, which may be a desk or simply a corner of your room, free of everything, but study materials. No radio or television! When you sit to work, concentrate on the subject!

3.

This means  looking  a  passage  over  quickly but thoroughly before you begin to read it more carefully. Scanning a passage lets you preview the material and get a general idea of the content. Scanning will help you double your reading speed and improve your comprehension.

4.

Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says. Really listening in class means less work later.  Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.

5.

When you get home from school, go over your notes. Review the important points that your teacher mentioned in class. If you do it regularly, the material will become more meaningful, and you will remember it longer.

Develop a good attitude about tests. The purpose of test is to show what you have learned about a subject. Tests do more than just provide grades; they let you know what you need to study more, and they help to make your new knowledge permanent.

Why does most of the world travel on the right side today? Theories differ, but there’s no doubt Napoleon was a major influence. The French have used the right since at least the late 18^th century. Some say that before the French Revolution, noblemen drove their carriages on the left, forcing the peasants to the right. Regardless of the origin, Napoleon brought right-hand traffic to the nations he conquered, including Russia, Switzerland and Germany. Hitler, in turn, ordered right-hand traffic in Czechoslovakia and Austria in the 1930s. Nations that escaped right-hand control, like Great Britain, followed their left-hand tradition.

The U.S. has not always been a nation of right-hand drivers; earlier in its history, carriage and horse traffic travelled on the left, as it did in England. But by the late 1700s, people driving large wagons pulled by several pairs of horses began promoting a shift（改变）to the right. A driver would sit on the rear（后面的）left horse in order to wave his whip（鞭子）with his right hand; to see opposite traffic clearly, they travelled on the right.

One of the final moves to firmly standardize traffic directions in the U.S. occurred in the 20^th century, when Henry Ford decided to mass-produce his cars with controls on the left (one reason, stated in 1908: the convenience for passengers exiting directly onto the edge, especially… if there is a lady to be considered). Once these rules were set, many countries eventually adjusted to the right-hand standard, including Canada in the 1920s, Sweden in 1967 and Burma in 1970. The U.K. and former colonies such as Australia and India are among the Western world’s few remaining holdouts(坚持不变者). Several Asian nations, including Japan, use the left as well--- though many places use both right-hand-drive and left-hand-drive cars.

1.Why did people in Switzerland travel on the right?

A.They had used the right-hand traffic since the 18^th century.

B.Rich people enjoyed driving their carriages on the right.

C.Napoleon introduced the right-hand traffic to this country.

D.Hitler ordered them to go against their left-hand tradition.

2.Of all the countries below, the one that travels on the right is_________.

A.Austria

B.England

C.Japan

D.Australia

3.Henry Ford produced cars with controls on the left __________.

A.in order to change traffic directions in the U.S.

B.so that passengers could get off conveniently

C.because rules at that time weren’t perfect

D.though many countries were strongly against that

4.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?

A.Before the French Revolution, all the French people used the right.

B.People in Britain and the U.S. travel on the same side nowadays.

C.The Burmese began to travel on the right in 1970.

D.All the Asian nations use the left at present.

5.What would be the best title for this passage?

A.Who made the great contribution to the shift of traffic directions?

B.How cars have become a popular means of transportation?

C.How Henry Ford produced his cars with controls on the left?

D.Why don’t people all drive on the same side of road?