What seemed impossible is possible nowadays. One spring afternoon last year a group of   1  attacked a 15-year-old girl in the Berlin district of Köpenick. They hit her in the face and pushed her to the ground. When the victim   2   to hand over her money, some of them held her down and   3  her arms with a lighted cigarette. The   4   were not a gang of boys, but of 13- to 15-year-old girls.

While men are still responsible for the  5  of crimes in Germany,  6   violence is on the rise. Young girls and women of all  7  groups are becoming more violent, and that has been a   8   trend for several years. Last year in Berlin, the   9   of female suspects of violent crime under the age of 21 increased by almost 8%, while that of male suspects   10   slightly. Violent crimes like  11 and serious bodily harm have even shot up by 18% and 25% among young women.

Why are   12   women becoming more violent? Gender （性别）   13   may have something to do with it. Today's females are drinking and smoking more, and raising all sorts of   14   things. Girls and young women are generally less held back in adopting male forms of behavior.  15  , the same goes for the   16   of violence. The members of all-female gangs tend to be especially   17  . When particularly humiliating methods like burning or undressing are involved, the   18   will usually be girls. It seems to be all about showing the   19  , “Hey, we can do   20   than you.” 

1．A．terrorists        B．thieves   C．teenagers       D．passers-by

2．A．refused              B．tried         C．managed          D．decided

3．A．twisted              B．beat          C．tied                 D．burned

4．A．fighters             B．attackers   C．students           D．criminals

5．A．majority            B．variety      C．most               D．few  

6．A．strong           B．daytime      C．secret                     D．female

7．A．working            B．activity     C．age                  D．interest

8．A．worldwide         B．nationwideC．school             D．family

9．A．number             B．degree      C．quantity           D．quality

10．A．remained          B．changed    C．happened         D．dropped

11．A．drug taking       B．theft         C．robbery           D．poisoning

12．A．stupid              B．uneducatedC．homeless         D．German

13．A．difference        B．equality     C．relations           D．roles

14．A．dirty                B．surprising  C．unbelievable     D．useless

15．A．However          B．Therefore  C．Unfortunately   D．Finally

16．A．use                  B．belief        C．love                 D．rise

17．A．beautiful          B．cruel         C．young              D．boyish

18．A．watchers         B．victims     C．helpers            D．performers

19．A．parents            B．teachers    C．boys                D．people

20．A．faster                     B．better        C．more easily      D．more efficiently

As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.

Now, scientists have shown that even though you’ve had an apparent memory lapse（丧失）, your brain never forgot what you should have done.

Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you’re heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.

Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.

First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary（任意的） pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol（cold weather） and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which （a hat） would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.

Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.

“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.

Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey’s inferior temporal cortex （ITC）, an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.

As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.

Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkey’s memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to work well even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.

“In this sense, the cells ‘knew’ more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”

What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Your brain remembers what you forget.

B. Activity is a round-about way to memory.  

C. Monkeys have better memory than us.

D. Your brain may forget something, but not always.

The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between _______.

A. memory and our daily life   B. memory and television ads

C. memory and association       D. memory lapse and human brain

The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice ________.

A. had some trouble with its nerve system  B. failed to see the objects well

C. had the worst memory     D. also knew the correct answer

The underlined word “endures” may be best replaced by __________.

A. increases        B. remains      C. disappears       D. improves

“Imagine you are walking along the road. Suddenly you fall over and all the passers-by burst into laughter. You feel very　 1　 and think the world is laughing at you . But in fact, five minutes later, they have　 2　  it ever happened.” The other day when I came across these words in an article, I didn’t agree with the　 3　 .
The author thinks the best thing to do in this kind of　 4 is to pretend nothing has happened, and so avoid　 5　 trouble.
I admit that we should keep　 6　 because “Your tears will only remind others of what happened, while your　 7　 can let them forget it.” But this is far from satisfactory. We should do　8　 to make things better.
I used to be a(n)  9　 girl and not very good at maths. Our new maths teacher asked me a question and I still remember how I hung my head in  10  when I couldn’t answer it.
“If you don’t know the answer, just tell me.” the teacher said, “If you don’t how can I know 　 11　 you know the answer or not?” All of my classmates burst into laughter. My face turned red but the teacher　 12　 me to go to the blackboard and　 13　 what I knew. If I had　 14　 the words in the article, I would have given up. But I tried my best. And to everyone’s  15　, I succeeded! The teacher smiled and said, “Well done! I　 16　 you could do it!”
Since then, I have become active in maths as　 17　 as in other subjects. I used to think doing maths exercises was a waste of time. But now, I know　 18　 I do can make things better. Everyone is the　 19　 of his own fate.
If we make mistakes, we should take on an active　20　 . Laugh, and the world laughs with you; weep(哭泣), and you weep alone.

As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.
Now, scientists have shown that even though you’ve had an apparent memory lapse（丧失）, your brain never forgot what you should have done.
Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you’re heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.
Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.
First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary（任意的） pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol（cold weather） and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which （a hat） would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.
Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.
“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.
Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey’s inferior temporal cortex （ITC）, an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.
As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.
Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkey’s memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to work well even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.
“In this sense, the cells ‘knew’ more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”
【小题1】What is the main idea of this passage?

As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot your hat.

Now, scientists have shown that even though you’ve had an apparent memory lapse（丧失）, your brain never forgot what you should have done.

Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, which reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as you’re heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way to get there.

Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.

First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary（任意的） pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys one symbol（cold weather） and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which （a hat） would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.

Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.

“We wondered what happened in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.

Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkey’s inferior temporal cortex （ITC）, an area of its brain used for visual pattern recognition and for storing this type of memory.

As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.

Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monkey’s memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to work well even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.

“In this sense, the cells ‘knew’ more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”

1. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Your brain remembers what you forget.

B. Activity is a round-about way to memory.  

C. Monkeys have better memory than us.

D. Your brain may forget something, but not always.

2. The example of the keys and soap is given to explain the relationship between _______.

A. memory and our daily life            B. memory and television ads

C. memory and association               D. memory lapse and human brain

3.The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice ________.

A. had some trouble with its nerve system             B. failed to see the objects well

C. had the worst memory                 D. also knew the correct answer

4. The underlined word “endures” may be best replaced by __________.

A. increases        B. remains      C. disappears       D. improves