Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors (统治者) and generals and soldiers, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured (施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers.

People think a great deal of them, so much that on all the highest pillars (纪念柱)in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages（野蛮人）; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently — this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done — is not being civilized.  People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. And not only has it won, but, because it has won, it has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that power is right.

This is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutilated (disabled). And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets — while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life — nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.

In the opening sentence, the author indicates that           .

       A．most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers

       B．history book tell us far more about conquerors, generals and soldiers than actual creators of civilization

       C．those who rally helped human civilization forward is not mentioned in history books at all

       D．conquerors, generals and soldiers should be least mentioned in history books

According to the passage, most people believe that the greatest countries are those that     .

       A．built the highest pillars for their conquerors

       B．were ruled by the greatest number of conquerors

       C．won the greatest number of battles against other countries

       D．were beaten in battle by the greatest number of other countries

In the author’s opinion, the countries that conquered a large number of other countries are

                 .

       A．certainly both the most powerful and most civilized.

       B．neither the greatest nor the most civilized in any way.

       C．possibly either the most civilized or the most powerful in a way.

       D．likely the most powerful in some sense but not the most civilized.

The meaning of the last sentence in Paragraph 2 is that          .

　　A．fighters believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.

       B．only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.

       C．those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.

       D．only powerful nations might win the right to rule weak ones.

LONDON----Here’s a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly.
Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.
　　In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.
　　While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.
　　"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating(调节) the amount of glucose（葡萄糖） and fat in the body start to shut down.
　　Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — but still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.（一回）
　　Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.
　　"We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad," said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, who led the Canadian study. "But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior, the better."
　　Figures from a U.S. survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.
　　Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible tooffset those effects.
　　"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits," Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they’re in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible," she said.
【小题1】What is the best title for the text?

I had a bad habit of skipping to the last pages of a book. I just wanted to see how it ended 36 I was still in the middle of it. This habit 37 first my mom, then my friends, and 38 even my own daughter. Often my 39 wouldn’t be limited just to the books I read but also to what others were 40 as well. Then one day my daughter told me in anger, “Dad, please just read a book one 41 at a time like everyone else!”

At times I didn’t 42 this bad habit to just books either. I also tried to skip ahead in my own life and 43 out what to do months and even years from now 44 enjoying each day at present. Although I knew that the 45 of my life wasn’t done yet and that I had many

pages 46 to go, I still couldn’t control my burning desire to write the 47 of it half-way through. Time and again, I would 48 jump ahead and try to solve every potential(潜在的) problem before it happened. Life, 49 , doesn’t work like that. It loves to 50 us, and you never know what new problems, changes, or opportunities each new day will 51 .

Recently when I found myself living in the 52 again, I felt a voice that gently told me I needed to “live one day at a time.” When I heard those words, I 53 , turned the book of my life back to the 54 page, and thanked God for today.

Each of us has to 55 the book of life line by line, moment by moment and trust that our story will be brought to its perfect end.

36. A. since　　　　　　　　 B. for　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C. while　　　　　　　　　　　 D. because

37. A. confused　　　 　　 B. annoyed　　　　 C. delighted　　　　 　　 D. embarrassed

38. A. usually　　 　 B. obviously　　　 C. accidentally　　　 　　　 D. finally

39. A. impatience B. misunderstanding C. disappointment　 　　　 D. disagreement

40. A. saying　　　　 　　 B. reading　　　　 C. doing　　　　　　 　　 D. watching

41. A. page　　 　　　　　　 B. copy　 　　　　　　　　 C. chapter　　　 　　 D. edition

42. A. contribute　　 　　　 B. devote　　　　 　 C. apply　　　　　 　 D. limit

43. A. try　　　　　 　　　 B. figure　　　　　 C. let　　　　　 　　 D. turn

44. A. on the part of　 B. other than　　　 　 C. instead of　　　　 　　 D. on the basis of

45. A. book　　　 　　 B. river　　　　　 　 C. picture　　　　　 D. play

46. A. forgotten　　 　　　 B. left　　　　　　 C. kept　　　　　　 D. regretted

47. A. feelings　　　 　　 B. beginning 　　　 　　　　C. ending　　　　　 D. comments

48. A. consciously　　 　　 B. strangely　　　　 　　 C. foolishly　　　　 D. critically

49. A. otherwise　　 B. moreover 　　　　　　 C. therefore　　　　 　　　 D. however

50. A. surprise　　　 　　 B. cheat　　　　　　 　　 C. satisfy　　　　　 D. frighten

51. A. make　　　　 　　 B. bring　　　　　　 　　　 C. take　　　　　　 D. award

52. A. present　　　　 B. future　　　　　 　　 C. memory　　 　　 D. dream

53. A. cheered　　　 　　 B. cried　　　　　　 　　　 C. lost　　　　　　 D. smiled

54. A. exciting　　　 　　 B. hopeful　　　　 　 C. favorite　　　　　 　　　 D. right

55. A. write　　　 　 B. review　　　　　 C. explain　　　　 D. translate

Geniuses amaze us，impress us and make us all a little jealous. How do they differ from the average person？Scientists are working hard to figure out that answer. Tune in to the National Geographic Channel to find out about the discoveries they’re making in the series My Brilliant Brain.

When Marc Yu was only two years old，he began to play the piano. After a year, he started learning pieces by Beethoven. Now he’s a world-famous concert pianist at age eight. He learns newer and more difficult pieces with ease and can identify any note he hears. He seems to be specially designed for music. In Born Genius, National Geographic looks at the science behind child prodigies （神童） to explain why some children seem to be born without limits.

Geniuses didn’t come naturally to Tommy McHugh. His came only after he nearly died from bleeding in his brain. After recovering, McHugh’s head was filled with new thoughts and picture. So, he began to express them in the form of poetry and art. Now, he’s a seemingly unstoppable creative machine. Suffers of brain injury have shown that great mental ability can sometimes come from damage or disease. Accidental Genius explores this puzzling relationship.

Can normal people be trained to be geniuses? Susan Polger has shown no sign of extraordinary intelligence. Yet, during her childhood, she studied thousands of chess patterns and learned to recognize them immediately. As a result, she was able to beat skilled adult players by age 10 and can now play up to five games at the same time without even seeing the boards. Make Me a Genius examines what is takes to turn an ordinary brain into that of a genius.

If becoming a genius were easy, we’d all be done. Yet, there is much more to super intelligence than simply being born lucky. Learn more about amazing brains this month on National Geographic’s My Brilliant Brain.

1. In paragraph 2, Marc Yu’s story tells us_________________.

A. a child prodigy can work easier than others.

B. a child prodigy is trained by family.

C. a child prodigy has an unbelievable listening skill.

D. a child prodigy always practise his skills.

2.In paragraph 3, the sentence “Geniuses didn’t come naturally to Tommy McHugh.” means that ______________.

A. Tommy McHugh could not be called a genius.

B. Tommy McHugh became a genius when he was young.

C. Tommy McHugh was a robot but not a real human being.

D. Tommy McHugh became a genius after a sudden accident.

3.The writer provides different examples to _____________.

A. show how people can be geniuses.     　B. show becoming a genius is easy.

C. show geniuses are common.            　D. show people know how to explain geniuses.

4.The passage may come from_________.

A. a report         B. a novel      　C. a TV program       　　D. a newspaper

LONDON----Here’s a new warning from health experts: Sitting is deadly.

     Scientists are increasingly warning that sitting for prolonged periods — even if you also exercise regularly — could be bad for your health. And it doesn’t matter where the sitting takes place — at the office, at school, in the car or before a computer or TV — just the overall number of hours it occurs. Several studies suggest people who spend most of their days sitting are more likely to be fat, have a heart attack or even die.

　　In an editorial published this week in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, Elin EkblomBak of the Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences suggested that authorities rethink how they define physical activity to highlight the dangers of sitting.

　　While health officials have issued guidelines recommending minimum amounts of physical activity, they haven’t suggested people try to limit how much time they spend in a seated position.

　　"After four hours of sitting, the body starts to send harmful signals," Ekblom-Bak said. She explained that genes regulating(调节) the amount of glucose（葡萄糖） and fat in the body start to shut down.

　　Even for people who exercise, spending long periods of time sitting at a desk is still harmful. Tim Armstrong, a physical activity expert at the World Health Organization, said people who exercise every day — but still spend a lot of time sitting — might get more benefit if that exercise were spread across the day, rather than in a single bout.（一回）

　　Still, in a study published last year that tracked more than 17,000 Canadians for about a dozen years, researchers found people who sat more had a higher death risk, independently of whether or not they exercised.

　　"We don’t have enough evidence yet to say how much sitting is bad," said Peter Katzmarzyk of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, who led the Canadian study. "But it seems the more you can get up and interrupt this sedentary behavior, the better."

　　Figures from a U.S. survey in 2003-2004 found Americans spend more than half their time sitting, from working at their desks to sitting in cars.

　　Experts said more research is needed to figure out just how much sitting is dangerous, and what might be possible to offset those effects.

　　"People should keep exercising because that has a lot of benefits," Ekblom-Bak said. "But when they’re in the office, they should try to interrupt sitting as often as possible," she said.

1.What is the best title for the text?

A. Not Sitting Too Much While Working      B. How To Avoid Sitting Too Much

C. Sitting Too Much Could Be Deadly          D. More And More People Sit Too Much

2.According to the research,______________.

A. the more time you spend in exercising in a single bout, the healthier you will be.

B. those who often sit too much are sure to grow fat or suffer from a heart attack.

C. regular exercise is effective to get rid of the side effect of sitting too much.

D. you had better not sit for more than four hours in a single bout.

3.How does the danger of sitting too much affect the human body?

A. It results in a higher death risk.

B. It increases glucose and fat in the body.

C. It makes a person unable to exercise long enough in a day.

D. It causes the gene to fail to balance the glucose and fat in the body.

4.In the opinion of Ekblom-Bak, you’d better have a rest in the office by________.

A. sending your friends e-mails           

B. having a walk around your office

C. chatting online or playing computer games 

D. listening to music with your head on the desk.