As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening for that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement. I’ve been   16  only once — for a woman who had merely fainted. But the   17  made me quite curious about how   18  this kind of thing happens. I wondered what I would do if   19  with a real midair medical emergency — without access   20  a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment. So   21  the New England Journal of Medicine last week   22  a study about in-flight medical events, I read it   23  interest.
　　The study estimated that there are a(n)   24  of 30 in-flight medical emergencies on U.S. flights every day. Most of them are not   25 ; fainting and dizziness are the most frequent complaints.  26  13% of them — roughly four a day — are serious enough to   27  a pilot to change course. The most common of the serious emergencies   28  heart trouble, strokes, and difficulty breathing.
　　Let’s face it: plane rides are   29 . For starters, cabin pressures at high altitudes are set at roughly      30  they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level. Most people can tolerate these pressures pretty   31 , but passengers with heart disease   32  experience chest pains as a result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.   33  common in-flight problem is deep venous thrombosis — the so-called economy class syndrome (综合症).   34  happens, don’t panic. Things are getting better on the in-flight-emergency front. Thanks to more recent legislation (立法), flights with at      35  one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.

The speaker, a teacher from a community college, addressed a sympathetic(赞同的) audience. Heads nodded in agreement when he said, “High school English teachers are not doing their jobs.” He described the inadequacies of his students, all high school graduates who can use language only at a grade 9 level. I was unable to determine from his answers to my questions how this grade 9 level had been established.
My topic is not standards nor its decline(降低). What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult.
　　My point is that the frequent complaint of one generation about the one immediately following it is inevitable. It is also human nature to look for the reasons for our dissatisfaction. Before English became a school subject in the late nineteenth century, it was difficult to find the target of the blame for language deficiencies (缺陷). But since then, English teachers have been under constant attack.
　　The complainers think they have hit upon an original idea. As their own command of the language improves, they notice that young people do not have this same ability. Unaware that their own ability has developed through the years, they assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. To the eyes and ears of sensitive adults the language of the young always seems inadequate.
Since this concern about the decline and fall of the English language is not perceived(察觉) as a generational phenomenon but rather as something new and peculiar(特有的) to today’s         young people, it naturally follows that today’s English teachers cannot be doing their jobs. Otherwise, young people would not commit offenses against the language.
【小题1】 The speaker the author mentioned in the passage believed that _____.

三、阅读（共两节, 满分40分）
第一节阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分, 满分30分）
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When John Milton , writer of “Paradise Lost” ,entered Cambridge University, in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second language at St. Paul’s School, London. Like all English boys who prepared for college in grammar schools ,he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it smoothly and correctly .His pronunciation of Latin was English ,however ,and seemed to have sounded strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.
Schoolboys gained their skill in Latin in a bitter way. They kept in mind the rules to make learning by heart easier. They first made a word-for-word translation and then an idiomatic translation into English .As they increased their skill ,they translated their English back into Latin without referring to the book and then compared their translation with the original .The schoolmaster was always at hand to encourage them. All schoolmasters believed Latin should be beaten in.
After several years of study ,the boys began to write compositions in imitation of the Latin writers they read. And as they began to read Latin poems ,they began to write poems in Latin .Because Milton was already a poet at ten ,his poems were much better than those painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven years Milton spent at university ,he made regular use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems ,which he published among his works in 1645.
56．What does the passage mainly tell about?
A．How John Milton wrote “Paradise Lost”.B．How John Milton studied Latin.
C．How John Milton became famous.  D．How John Milton became a poet.
57．Which of the following is true of John Milton’s pronunciation of Latin?
A. It has a strong Italian accent.         B. It has an uncommon accent.　　
C. It was natural and easy to understand.　D. It was bad and difficult to understand.
58．It can be inferred from the passage that        .
A．Milton’s training in Latin was similar to that of the other boys
B．Milton hadn’t learned any foreign language except Latin before going to college
C．Milton’s Italian friends helped him with Latin when talking
D．Milton’s classmates learned Latin harder but worse than Milton.
59．Which of the following is suggested in the passage?
A．The schoolmaster mainly helped those who were bad at Latin.
B．The schoolmaster usually stood beside the schoolboys with a stick in his hand.
C．The schoolboys could repeat Latin grammar rules from memory.
D．Some of the schoolboys were quick at writing compositions in Latin.
60．What is the meaning of the underlined part “Latin should be beaten in” (Para.2)?
A．Schoolboys should be punished if they were lazy to learn Latin.
B．Schoolboys should be encouraged if they had difficulty in learning Latin.
C．Schoolboys were expected to master Latin in a short time.
D．Schoolboys had to study Latin in a hard way.

阅读理解

　　Black Americans have served with honor in every American military action, though this often not written in history books. Even though black men begged to be allowed to serve in the Revolution War, they served well. During the Revolution War a black man named Eastbrook captured Royal Army's General Prescott Newport and Peter Salem, a black, killed Major Pitcairn as he was enjoying his victory at Bunker Hill.

　　Though whites had long believed that blacks could neither command nor use firearms, blacks fought bravely. In 1863, William Carney received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his role in battles.

　　In World War Ⅰ, 40,000 black solders served with this French command. Johnson and Needham Robert were the first Americans to win the Croix de Guerre——France's top military award.

　　During World War Ⅱ over 40,000 black solders served in the army forces. Dories Miler, a black, was one of the first heroes in this war. At Pearl Harbor during Japanese attack, he shot down four planes. The black fighter pilots of Benjamin Davis, Jr. made themselves known as brave soldiers throughout the war.

(1)The main idea of the passage is that ________.

[　　]

A．Black Americans served bravely during the Revolutionary War

B．black Americans served under the French during the World War Ⅰ

C．more black Americans died than whites in wars

D．black Americans have served their country bravely in many wars

(2)Benjamin Davis. Jr. was ________.

[　　]

A．commander of a group of black fighter pilots during World War Ⅱ

B．give the Croix de Guerre, France's highest military award

C．awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor

D．a soldier who died in the World War Ⅱ

(3)We conclude from the passage that ________.

[　　]

A．there are more blacks than whites in the US army

B．black heroes are often written in history books

C．blacks went to serve in the wars because they had difficulty finding jobs

D．blacks love their country

(4)The passage suggests that ________.

[　　]

A．black slaves were forced to fight in the Revolution War

B．blacks didn't fight bravely enough

C．blacks didn't get great honor

D．history tells little of the contribution that blacks made to America's military history

The government-run command post in Tunis is staffed around the clock by military personnel, meteorologists and civilians. On the wall are maps, crisscrossed with brightly colors arrows that painstakingly track the fearsome path of the enemy.
　　What kind of invader gives rise to such high-level monitoring? Not man, not beast, but the lowly desert locust(蝗虫). In recent months, billions of the 3-inch-long winged warriors have descended on Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia, blackening the sky and eating up crops and vegetation. The insect invasion, the worst in 30 years, is already creating great destruction in the Middle East and is now treating southern Europe. The current crisis began in late 1985 near the Red Sea. Unusually rainy weather moistened the sands of the Sudan, making them ideal seedbed for the locust, which lays its eggs in the earth. The insect onslaught threatens to create yet another African famine. Each locust can eat its weight (not quite a tenth of an ounce) in vegetation every 24 hours. A good-size swarm of 50 billion insects eats up 100,000 tons of grass, trees and crops in a single night.
　　All ﹩150 million may be needed this year. The U.S. has provided two spraying planes and about 50,000 gal. of pesticide. The European Community has donated ﹩3.8 million in aid and the Soviet Union, Canada, Japan and China have provided chemical-spraying aircraft to help wipe out the pests. But relief efforts are hampered by the relative mildness of approved pesticides, which quickly lose their deadly punch and require frequent replications. The most effective locust killer dieldrin has been linked to cancer and is banned by many Western countries and some of the affected African nations. More than 5 million acres have been dusted with locust-killing chemicals; another 5 million will be treated by the end of June.
　　On May 30, representatives of Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Morocco and Mauritania will meet in Algiers to discuss tactics to wipe out the ravenous swarms. The move is an important step, but whatever plan is devised, the locust plague promised to get worse before the insects can be brought under control.
【小题1】The main idea of the first sentence in the passage is that ______.

A．to devise anti-locust plans.

B．to wipe out the swarms in two years.

C．to call out for additional financial aid from other nations.

D．to bring the insects under control before the plague gets worse.