C

Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, "In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence". Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive ears, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.
Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) : stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.
After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy (策略) for conflict resolution : listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speaker's position. Then the two people should change roles.
Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesn't mean trying to figure out what's wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesn't, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.
There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesn't mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, "64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student co-operation; and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves'. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends, teachers, parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.
【小题1】From Paragraph 2 we can learn that_______

Ⅱ语言知识及应用(共两节，满分45分)

第一节 完形填空(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Mrs. Williams became a foster grandparent to Mary when she was nine years old. At first Mary was ___16   . She was afraid because Mrs. Williams was a stranger. But she came to see Mary every day. Gradually, she began to   17   Mrs. William.

At last Mary let Mrs. Williams do things for her. She came at lunchtime and fed her. One day she   18  _ her the spoon and guided it to her    19   . She told her she must learn to feed herself.

"Most of the   20   ended up on us instead of in Mary's mouth.” Mrs. Williams remembers. “But it was a ___21    for Mary. Mary learned to feed herself in a few months.”

Then Mary was ready for more treatment. Thanks to Mrs. Williams, after she had learned to do one simple thing, she could learn to do other simple things. Mrs. Williams was   22   to help with Mary's _  23   .

To become foster grandparents, people must be at least sixty-five years old and in good __24   . They must be willing to give their   25   to disabled children. They are volunteers, so they are not paid.

Mrs. Williams  26   for most foster grandparents when she says, “We all benefit. The  ___27   children benefit because we help them live more useful lives. And we benefit because we know the children   28    us and love us. For any   29  , there is no greater __30   than that!”

16. A. sorry           B. glad                 C. surprised                  D. shy

17. A. know         B. realize               C. recognize                D. trust

18. A. awarded          B. handed             C. returned                        D. hit

19. A. nose               B. eye                 C. mouth               D. ear

20. A. supper              B. dinner                     C. lunch                 D. breakfast

21. A. job                 B. start              C. invention              D. help

22. A. trained            B. forced              C. afraid               D. tired

23. A. treatment       B. medicine            C. food                D. drink

24. A. wealth             B. health              C. position              D. heart

25. A. money             B. life                  C. house               D. time

26. A. tells                B. speaks             C. announces                       D. informs

27. A. poor                B. sick                C. disabled                         D. unhealthy

28. A. help               B. need               C. treat                D. touch

29. A. place             B. person             C. time                            D. chance

30. A. progress          B. responsibility         C. happiness              D. work

Never go into a supermarket hungry! This is a good piece of advice. If you go shopping for food before lunchtime, you’ll probably buy more than you plan to. Unfortunately, however, just this advice isn’t enough for consumers these days. Modern shoppers need an education in how and how not to buy things at the store. First, you check the weekly newspaper ads. Find out the items that are on sale and decide if you really need these things. In other words, don’t buy anything just because it’s cheaper than usual! “New and Improved!” or “All Natural” on the front of a package influence you. Instead, read the list of ingredients(contents) on the back. Third, compare prices: that is, you should examine the prices of both different brands and different sizes of the same brand.
Another suggestion for consumers is to buy ordinary items instead of famous brands. Ordinary items in supermarkets come in plain packages. These products are cheaper because producers don’t spend much money on packing or advertising. The quality, however, is usually as good as the quality of well-known name brands. In the same way, in buying clothes, you can often find high quality and low prices in brands that are not famous. Shopping in discount clothing stores can help you save a lot of money. Although these stores aren’t very attractive, and they usually do not have individual dressing rooms, not only are the prices low, but you can often find the same famous brands that you find in high-priced department stores.
Wise consumers read magazine ads and watch TV commercials, but they do this with one advantage: knowledge of the psychology behind the ads. In other words, well-informed consumers watch for information and check for misinformation. They ask themselves questions: Is the advertiser hiding something in small print at the bottom of the page? Is there any real information in the commercial, or is the advertiser simply showing an attractive image? With the answers to these questions, consumers can make a wise choice.
【小题1】All the following statements are true about the phrase “ordinary items” in Paragraph 2 EXCEPT __________.