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It’s not only rocket scientists and journalists who are following the course of “Shenzhou V”,or “Divine ship/vessel V”.There are also lexicographers,or dictionary compilers.The flight of the Spacecraft last week might help put some new words into orbit.?
One of them is a western media coinage used to refer to the Chinese astronauts.It s a combination of the Chinese pinyin “taikong”,meaning space,and the English “astronaut”,from classical Greek:“star sailor/navigator”,for people who was going into space as a career.
In the Reuters and AP reports of October 15,“taikonaut” was used as a proper noun.For example:The long March 2F rocket carrying “taikonaut” Yang Liwei lifted off into a clear blue sky over the Gobi desert at 9 am and entered its orbit 10 minutes later.?
A Long March 2F rocket called the Shenzhou V—“divine ship” in Chinese—carried a single “taikonaut” named Yang Liwei,38,following Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin and American Alan Shepard in 1961.?
The word “taikonaut” is not a newly coined term.It first emerged in November,1999,when China launched its first unmanned “Shenzhou Ⅰ” spacecraft.?
At that lime,some English news media predicted that China would soon launch a manned space flight and created the word “taikonaut” for the Chinese astronauts.It was then borrowed by the Germans media.?
But it was left out of mainstream dictionaries,such as the Merriam—Webster Dictionary and Cambridge Advanced English ?
Learner’s Dictionary.?
However,the launch of the “Shenzhou V” will most likely help boost its status since there is already a word referring specifically to Russian astronauts in the dictionary entry.?
An astronaut of Russian (or the former Soviet Union)is called a “cosmonaut”,from the Russian “kosmonaut”.The word was derived from classical Greek:“kosmonaut” (universal)and “nautes”.One might argue that “cosmonaut” is a Russian variation on the earlier word “astronaut”.
On March 14,1995,US astronaut Norman Thagard became the first American to ride into space on-board a Russian launch vehicle,arguably making him the first American cosmonaut.?
And if this trend of coinage continues,more English variations for astronaut will appear as more countries are able to send their own astronauts into outer space,what would Western journalists call an astronaut from India or Africa we’ll have to wait to see.?
66.Give the best title of the passage.(within 10 words)?
解析:主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了因为中国载人航天事业的发展而派生的一个新英语词汇“taikonaut”的由来。?
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信息匹配
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选
项字母涂黑。
首先请阅读下列有关地球科学的文章，插图及简介：
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Global warming can be absolute depressing. Turns out, it is.
Nature Tourism Doesn't always Help
Ecotourists who want to help protect the environment with their travel
dollars may be best off backpacking.
Greenhouse Gases May Endanger Human Health
The EPA is warning that greenhouse gases emission（排放）is a threat to
public health and welfare.
Newest weapon Against Climate Change: Rocks
A strong contender in the fight against global warming may be right
under our feet.
Climate Changing Faster Than Expected
As climate change exceeds the worst predictions, scientists emphasize
the urgency of reducing emissions.
Airline Passengers May Face Radiation Risk
Add lightning-produced radiation to the list of potential concerns for
holiday travelers.
下面是这些文章的主要内容。请把相关的内容与它们的标题匹配起来。
1． By now with so many persuasive evidences, global warming is developing or exceeding
experts' worst expectations, and could bring drastic change to our planet, including a 19-foot
sea level rise and the extinction of many species, according to a new report released today.
So scientists sound the alarm.
2． Besides adventure and relaxation, there is some comfort in thinking that your tourist dollars
help protect the natural beauty you go to visit. But it doesn't always work that way. A new
study in Uganda（乌干达）found that people who spent more money to se gorillas in Bwindi
Impenetrable National Park didn't necessarily help the local community more.
3． Rocks with a powerful thirst for carbon dioxide could suck enough of the greenhouse gas
from the atmosphere to help counteract global warming, according to a recent study. Formed
under heat and pressure deep in the Earth, the rocks have unusual chemical properties when
moving up to the surface, which include absorbing carbon dioxide.
4． A rise in natural disasters caused by the global warming will lead to more cases of stress
disorder and depression. According to various evidences, climate change will bring new
cases of stress, anxiety and depression. People who already have serious psychological problems will
probably suffer most in the natural disasters and extreme weather events.
5． The Environmental Protection Agency has concluded greenhouse gases are endangering
people's health and must be regulated, indicating that the Obama administration is prepared
to contain global warming if necessary and that the United States is aggressively taking
actions to fight against global warming and protect its people's health..
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EAT YOUR VEGETABLES. Wash your hands. Always say "please" and "thank you ".We are full of advice for our children, but when it comes to money, we often have little to say. As a result, our children may grow up with clean hands and good manners, but without any idea how to manage their money.Here are some basics that will help guide them their entire lives：
Show them the future. If your 13-year-old girl were to save $1.000,invest(投资)it at 8% and add $100 every month, by the time she's 65,she would have $980,983!zxxk
Be careful of credit(信用).Credit cards can help you buy necessary things and build a credit history, but they must be used responsibly, which means paying off your debt in time. Explain to your children that when you buy something using a credit card, you can easily end up paying two or three times what you would have paid if you used cash.
Teach patience. Suppose your child wants a new bicycle that costs $150.Rather than paying the cash, give him some regular pocket money and explain that by putting aside,say,$15 each week, he will be able to buy it for himself in only ten weeks.
Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. "For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot, "says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning.
Explain your values. Values and money are deeply intertwined(缠结在一起), says Eilleen Gallo, co-author of The Financially Intelligent Parent. When your child demands that you buy something, explain why you really don't want to buy it. "You might say, 'I'd rather save that money for your education,'" advises Gallo. Every time you spend or don't spend money, you have a chance to share your values.
【小题1】The writer gives some basics to help ____ in a proper way.
| A．parents teach their children how to deal with money |
| B．children follow their parents 'instructions |
| C．children manage their money |
| D．parents save their money |
| A．honor | B．praise | C．excitement | D．encouragement |
A. Parents want to know how to educate their children.
B. He wants to share his good ideas about money matters.
C .He thinks money management the most important for children.
D. Parents care little about their children's management of money. 查看习题详情和答案>>
The rise of multinational corporations （跨国公司）, global marketing, new communications technologies, and shrinking cultural differences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relations or PR．
Surprisingly, since modern PR was largely an American invention, America’s relations is being threatened by PR efforts in other countries． Ten years ago, for example, the world’s top five public relations agencies were American-owned． In 1991, only one was． The British in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative． A recent survey found that more than half of all British companies include PR as part of their corporate （公司的） planning activities, compared to about one-third of U．S． companies． It may not be long before London replaces New York as the capital of PR．
Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs． Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country． Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts （相对应的人） in knowing a second language． Less than 5 percent of Burson—Marshall’s U．S．employees know two languages． Ogilvy and Mather have about the same percentage． Conversely, some European firms have half or more of their employees fluent in a second language． Finally, people involved in PR abroad tend to keep a closer eye on international affairs． In the financial PR area, for instance, most Americans read the Wall Street Journal． Overseas, their counterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of London and The Economist, publications not often read in this country．
Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner of CNN （Cable News Network）． Turner recently announced that the word “foreign” would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts． According to Turner, global communications have made the nations of the world so interdependent that there is no longer any such thing as foreign．
【小题1】Compared with the American PR personnel, what is/are an advantage（s） of the non-Americans involved in PR?
A． They tend to be more internationally minded
B． They speak more and better foreign languages．
C． They usually pay more attention to global financial situation．
D． Both A and B．
【小题2】What is the immediate cause of the downfall of America’s public relations?
| A．The number of US public relations agencies had greatly decreased by 1991． |
| B．Other countries have increased their efforts in public relations． |
| C．On the global scale, cultural differences have significantly shrunk． |
| D．The British companies are becoming especially sophisticated and creative in public relations． |
| A．an American | B．a Briton |
| C．Ted Turner | D．an Asian |
| A．strict in thinking | B．like people from rural areas |
| C．limited in outlook | D．interested in geographical knowledge |
If you are asked to name some national emblems of China, the dragon will probably be one of the famous images that pop into your head. We Chinese often consider ourselves "the descendants（后代）of the dragon." It is not unfamiliar to you that your parents hope that you "may become the dragon".
As a mythical（神秘的）creature, the dragon is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Traditionally, dragons are considered to govern rainfall. They have the power to decide where and when the rain falls. In addition, the dragon is a symbol of imperial （帝王的）power. The emperors thought they were real dragons and the sons of the heaven.
But the creature is regarded differently in Western countries. In the Bible, dragons represent the devil（恶人）. Western people usually see dragons as cold-blooded reptiles（爬虫）, like snakes and cruel killers. In their eyes, dragons are also dishonest.
Dragons in Western literature are presented as monsters（怪物）. It is a common tale for a mediaeval knight（中世纪的骑士） to kill a dragon and save a princess and her country from its evil. Even the popular boy wizard Harry Potter has to battle against a dragon.
However, dragons are not all bad in the West. "Puff the Magic Dragon" is a well-known song. The lyrics(歌词) tell a bitter-sweet story of the dragon Puff and his playmate Jackie Paper, a little boy. When Jackie grows up, he loses interest in the imaginary adventures of childhood and leaves Puff upset. Puff represents the innocence of a child's imagination, which is very positive for a dragon.
【小题1】The underlined word” emblems” in the first paragraph means “_______”.
| A．symbols | B．names | C．places | D．parks |
A wizard B. A mediaeval knight C. A princess D. A monster
【小题3】The writer gave the example of “ Puff the Magic Dragon” to show_____.
| A．dragons can represent the innocence of child’s imagination |
| B．children don’t like to play with dragons |
| C．dragons are not all bad in the West |
| D．not all people in the West like dragons |