We are all interested in equality，but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality，others，still in the name of equality，want only to destroy it．

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect--but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any contr schools or on teachers.This would mean that everything would depend on luck every pupll would depend on the efficiency(效率)，the ideal and the purpose of teacher．

Without external examinations， employers will 1ook for employees from highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will  replace equality．At the moment，the bright child from an ill—respected schoo1 can show certificates(证书)to prove he or she is suitable for a job，while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attanding a well—respected schoo1.This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away，and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s fame(名誉)，unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored schoo1．

The opponents(对手)of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these  people，there must be no special，different，academic class． They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area：all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．

1. The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to decribe the phenomenon that _____. 

A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs.

B.Pooor children with certificates are favored in job markets.

C.Children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.

D. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs.

2.What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?    

A.Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation. 

B. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation

C.There would be more opportunities and excellence.

D.Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

3. The opponents of the examination system will agree that _____.

A.Computers should be selected to take over many jobs.

B.Special classed are necessary to keep the school standards.

C.Jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection.

D.Schools with academic subjects should be abolished.

4. The passage mainly focuses on ____.

  A. schools and certificates   B opportunity and employment

C. examinations and equality  D. standards and reputation

We are all interested in equality，but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality，others，still in the name of equality，want only to destroy it．

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect--but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any contr schools or on teachers.This would mean that everything would depend on luck every pupll would depend on the efficiency(效率)，the ideal and the purpose of teacher．

Without external examinations， employers will 1ook for employees from highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will  replace equality．At the moment，the bright child from an ill—respected schoo1 can show certificates(证书)to prove he or she is suitable for a job，while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attanding a well—respected schoo1.This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away，and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s fame(名誉)，unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored schoo1．

The opponents(对手)of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these  people，there must be no special，different，academic class． They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area：all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．

The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to decribe the phenomenon that _____. 

A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs.

B.Pooor children with certificates are favored in job markets.

C.Children attending ordinary schools achieve great success.

D. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs.

What would happen if examinations were taken away according to the author?    

A.Children’s job opportunity would be affected by their school reputation. 

B. Schools for bright children would lose their reputation

C.There would be more opportunities and excellence.

D.Children from poor families would be able to change their schools.

The opponents of the examination system will agree that _____.

A.Computers should be selected to take over many jobs.

B.Special classed are necessary to keep the school standards.

C.Jobs should not be assigned by systematic selection.

D.Schools with academic subjects should be abolished.

The passage mainly focuses on ____.

  A. schools and certificates   B opportunity and employment

C. examinations and equality  D. standards and reputation

We are all interested in equality，but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality，others，still in the name of equality，want only to destroy it．
Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect--but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any contr schools or on teachers.This would mean that everything would depend on luck every pupll would depend on the efficiency(效率)，the ideal and the purpose of teacher．
Without external examinations， employers will 1ook for employees from highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will  replace equality．At the moment，the bright child from an ill—respected schoo1 can show certificates(证书)to prove he or she is suitable for a job，while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attanding a well—respected schoo1.This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away，and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s fame(名誉)，unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored schoo1．
The opponents(对手)of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these  people，there must be no special，different，academic class． They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area：all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．
【小题1】 The word “favoritism” in paragraph 3 is used to decribe the phenomenon that _____. 

We are all interested in equality，but while some people try to protect the school and examination system in the name of equality，others，still in the name of equality，want only to destroy it．

Any society which is interested in equality of opportunity and standards of achievement must regularly test its pupils．The standards may be changed—no examination is perfect--but to have no external(外部的)tests or examinations would mean the end of equality and of standards．There are groups of people who oppose this view and who do not believe either in external examinations or in any contr schools or on teachers.This would mean that everything would depend on luck every pupll would depend on the efficiency(效率)，the ideal and the purpose of teacher．

　 Without external examinations， employers will 1ook for employees from highly respected schools and from families known to them--a form of favoritism will replace equality．At the moment，the bright child from an ill—respected schoo1 can show certificates(证书)to prove he or she is suitable for a job，while the lack of a certificate shows the unsuitability of a dull child attanding a well—respected schoo1．

This defence of excellence and opportunity would disappear if external examinations were taken away，and the bright child from a poor family would be a prisoner of his or her school’s fame(名誉)，unable to compete for employment with the child from the favored schoo1．

　 The opponents(对手)of the examination system suggest that examinations are an evil force because they show differences between pupils．According to these people，there must be no special，different，academic class． They have even suggested that there should be no form of difference in sport or any other area：all jobs or posts should be filled by unsystematic selection．The selection would be made by people who themselves are probably selected by some computer．

　 These people are not just against school organization，but are at war with the whole idea of modern competitive society and they are using children in schools for their destructive(破坏性的)purposes．There is no reason why we should a11ow such people to determine the way our schools are organized when it is to the obvious disadvantage of the pupils，of the schools and of our society as a whole．

　 1．According to the passage，the writer thinks that ____ ．

　 A．changing the standards could mean the and of equaIitv

　 B．standards must keep changing in order to achieve equality

　 C．there would be no standards without external examinations

　 D．we cannot have standards because examinations are not perfect

　 2．In the writer’s opinion，what would happen if external examinations were

　 taken away?

　 A．There would be no more opportunities and no more excellence．

　 B．Children from poor families would not be able to change schools．

　 C．Going to a favored school should be the only way to get a good job．

　 D．Schools for bright children would lose their fame．

3．The situation at the moment is that_______.

　 A．many children who are suitable for a job have no proof of their suitability

　 B．a school’s fame is not important，as long as a child has a certificate

　 C．children attending well—respected schools need not get certificates

　 D．a bright child doesn’t need a certificate at all to get a good job

4．Which of the following sentences is TRUE?

　 A．Most students from poor families can’t get a goad job．

　 B．Some people are using students to destroy our society．

C. The writer thinks it a good way to choose a job by computer．

D. The opponents of the examination want to reorganize schools．

5.The opponents would agree that_____．

A. computers should be selected to take over many jobs

　 B. particular people should not be chosen for particular jobs

　 C. well-respected schools should be got rid of as soon as possible

　 D. the students are not equally treated if they take external examination

The twentieth century saw greater changes than any century before: changes for the better,

changes for the worse; changes that brought a lot of benefits to human beings, changes that put man in danger. Many things caused the changes, but, in my opinion, the most important was the progress in science.

     Scientific research in physics and biology has vastly broadened our views. It has given us a deeper knowledge of the structure of matter and of the universe; it has brought us a better understanding of the nature of life and of its continuous development. Technology m the application of science m has made big advances that have benefited us in nearly every part of life.

     The continuation of such activities in the twenty-first century will result in even greater advantages to human beings: in pure science -- a wider and deeper knowledge in all fields of learning; in applied science -- a more reasonable sharing of material benefits, and better protection of the environment.

      Sadly, however, there is another side to the picture. The creativity of science has been employed in doing damage to mankind.  The application of science and technology to the development and production of weapons of mass destruction has created a real danger to the continued existence of the human race on this planet. We have seen this happen in the case of nuclear weapons, Although their actual use has so far occurred only in the Second World War, the number of nuclear weapons that were produced and made ready for use was so large that if the weapons had actually been used, the result could have been the ruin of the human race, as well as of many kinds of animals.

     William Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.” The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities----- science seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war?

Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

A.               B.                   C.                  D.

From the fourth paragraph, we can infer that________.

A. a great many nuclear weapons were actually used for war

B. a large number of nuclear weapons should have been used for war

C. the author is doubtful about the ruin of human beings by nuclear weapons

D. the author is anxious about the huge number of nuclear weapons on the earth

The underlined word "mingled" in the last paragraph most probably means________.

A. simple           B. mixed           C. sad               D. happy

What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write?

A. Further application of science to war.

B. More reading of William Shakespeare.

C. Proper use of science in the new century.

D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.