阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

    As a nation, we’re getting fatter

    In Britain, people with a healthy body weight are in the minority.

Nearly two thirds of men (65%)and more than half of women(56%)are either overweight or obese（病态肥胖的）.

Nearly a quarter of men and women (24%)are obese.

The number of overweight and obese people in the UK is increasing. A recent government report showed that if current trends continue, the majority of people in the country will be obese by 2050, including 60% of men and 40% of women.

What is a healthy weight?

You can find out whether your weight is within the healthy range by calculating your body mass index or BMI. Check your BMI using our BMI chart.

For many people, it’s just not realistic to aim for a so-called “ideal weight” for your height. Instead of focusing on a target weight, it may be more helpful to work on changing your lifestyle, which can help you reach a healthier weight.

Small changes can have big effects

Most people gain weight throughout their lives, often without realizing it. Very small changes can result in large weight gains over time, For example by simply eating an excess of 50 calories per day – just half a biscuit – you could gain 5 pounds or 2kg over a year. So in 5 years’ time you could be over 25 pounds or 10 kg heavier.

But good news is that small changes of your lifestyle can lead reduction in body weight. This may sound simple, but in reality it takes commitment and effort to change the habits of a lifetime. The day-to-day choices we make about our lifestyle have the greatest effect on our weight.

Losing weight and keeping it off!

The best way to lose weight is to eat healthily, eat smaller amounts and         . This will help you to take in less energy from food and increase the amount of energy you burn off by being more physically active.

1．What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 15 words)

2．Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one?

    What affects our weight greatly is the way of life that we choose every day.

3．Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words .(no more than 5 words)

4．How heavy could you gain in 10 years if you ate an excess of 100 calories every day according to this passage? (no more than 10 words)

5．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.

Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .
Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.
Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .
About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.
“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol  in the UK and colleagues .
While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .
“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .
“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.
【小题1】The title of the passage should be        .

Short people, studies have shown , are more likely to have a stroke , suffer from high blood pressures and heart disease and be bullied in school .

Now, researchers report that short people—at least in the past—were also more likely to die at a younger age than their taller peers.

Their study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology (流行病学) and Community Health , found that short bones have something to do with short life for more than 1,000 years. The conclusion was based on 490 sets of adult skeletal(骨架) remains from an archaeological(考古学的) site in northeastern England , YC dating from the 9th century to about 1850 .

About 55% of men and 73% of women died before the age of 45, and 39% of men and 56% of women died before age 30. The risk of death before age 30 declined as bone length increased.

“This study provides evidence from an archaeological sample that long bone length is connected with age at death—those with smaller bones tend to die younger,” according to Dr. D.J. Gunnell of the university of Bristol  in the UK and colleagues .

While it is not clear why short stature(身材) might be linked to earlier death , the researchers point out that height is an indicator of childhood nutrition, which may have long-lasting effect on health .

“Mechanism (身体结构) for height-mortality(死亡) associations in the past may differ from those today , for example , short stature may have increased the risk of death in childbirth and this may explain the higher risk of premature(未成熟的) mortality in women,” Gunnell and colleagues write .

“However, short bones, it would appear, have always been a marker of a short life,” the authors conclude.

1.The title of the passage should be        .

A．Short people and their taller peers

B．Men and women

C．Short stature and short life

D．Long life and short life

2.“An indicator” in Paragraph 6 means        .

A．a study           B．a marker          C．a risk             D．an age

3.Which of the following statements is Not true according to the passage?

A．People with smaller bones were more likely to die younger.

B．Women were more likely to die at a young age.

C．Short-stature women bear higher risk of death in giving birth to babies.

D．Most people were more likely to die at the age of 30 in the past.

4.Short stature may be caused by        .

A．less childhood nutrition                  B．heart disease

C．some illnesses                          D．high blood pressure

5.The topic in this passage is probably connected with

A．space medicine                         B．sports medicine

C．social medicine                         D．industrial medicine

第三部分  阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C．和D)中，选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Amelia Earhart's (1897-1937) childhood was not the typical girl's. She liked nothing better than to explore the banks of the Missouri River, where she climbed trees and hunted rats with her rifle (步枪). She also built her own roller coaster(过山车 ).

The exciting life of the American aviation (航空)pioneer is dramatized in the movie Amelia, which is due to come out on October 23.

After Earhart paid a pilot $1 to take her up for a short fly in his plane, aviation became her love and career.

As she later explained, "Never do things others can do and will do, if there are things others cannot do or will not do."

Earhart found herself a flying teacher and started to learn to fly. She took all sorts of jobs to pay for the lessons and to buy a second-hand plane on her 24th birthday.

In 1932, Earhart flew solo (单独的) across the Atlantic. She became the first woman to make the solo crossing. She also made a flying suit for women and went on to design other clothes for women who led active lives. "Now and then women should do for themselves what men have already done —— occasionally what men have not done ——thereby establishing themselves as persons, and perhaps encouraging other women toward greater independence of thought and action, she said.

When she was nearly 40, Earhart was ready for a final challenge—to be the first woman to fly around the world. However, in mid-flight, she and her navigator (导航员) disappeared in bad weather.

Earhart will be forever remembered as a brave pioneer for both aviation and for women.

56. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A. A movie about Earhart’s exciting life has come out.

B. Earhart never did things others could and would do.

C. Earhart’s love for aviation came after she flew a plane for a short time.

D. In Earhart's opinion, women should think and act more independently.

57. The underlined word in paragraph 2 means ____.

A. presented       B. adopted         C. published         D. created

58. From the passage we can know that ____.

A. Earhart showed most interest in adventure trips to the Missouri River during her childhood

B. Earhart s ambition was to fly across the Atlantic

C. Earhart challenged herself constantly

D. Besides flying, Earhart also designed planes and clothes

59. You can probably find this article in ____.

A. a booklet      B. a newspaper      C. a guide book      D. an advertisement

第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

       阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

       As late as 1800, women's only place was in the home．The idea of women in the business world was unthinkable．Men were certain that no woman could do a good job outside her home．This was such a widely accepted idea that when the well-known Bronte sisters began writing books in 1864, they had to sign their books with men's names instead．

       Teaching was the first profession（职业）open to women soon after 1800．But even that was not an easy profession for women to enter because most schools and colleges were open only to men．Oberlin College in Ohio was the first college in America to accept women．

       Hospital nursing became respectable work for women only after Nightingale became famous．Seeing that she was not only a nurse but also a rich and well-educated woman, people began to believe it was possible for women to nurse the sick and still be “ladies”．Miss Nightingale opened England's first training school for nurses in 1860．

       The invention of the typewriter（打字机）in 1867 helped to bring women out of the home and into the business world．By 1900, thousands of women were working at real jobs in schools, hospitals, and offices in both England and America．Some women even managed to become doctors or lawyers．The idea that women could work in the business world had been accepted．

56．Why couldn't women become teachers easily? Because_______．

       A．the first profession open to them was writing

       B．most schools and colleges were open only to men

       C．they wanted to be nurses instead

       D．they had to work in the business world

57．The article is mainly about_______．

       A．women in the business world        B．the famous Bronte sisters

       C．schools and colleges in America    D．rights for American women

58．Which fact does the article lead you to believe?

       A．The Bronte sisters thought that they were men．

       B．England's first training school for nurses was in Ohio．

       C．There are more men than women in professional job．

       D．Women find it necessary to work harder than before．

59．Which of the following is TRUE？

       A．The typewriter was made in the 1970's．

       B．Most Englanders are doctors or lawyers．

       C．People's ideas about women's work have changed．

       D．The 18th century saw a changing world for women．