It is easy for us to tell our friends from our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who pose a threat and those who do not.

In Kenya, researchers found that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men spear animals and thus pose a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.

In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants detected(察觉)the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they detected the smells of either clothing worn by Kamba men or clothing that had not been worn at all.

Clothing color also plays a role, though in a different way. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted aggressively toward the red clothing.

The researchers believe that the elephants’ emotional reactions are due to their different interpretations of the smells and the sights. Smelling a potential danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.

1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE about Kamba and Maasai people?

A．Maasai people are a threat to elephants.

B．Kamba people raise elephants for farming.

C．Both Kamba and Maasai people are elephant hunters.

D．Both Kamba and Maasai people traditionally wear red clothing.

2. How did the elephants react to smell in the study?

A．They attacked a man with the smell of new clothing.

B．They needed time to relax when smelling something unfamiliar.

C．They became anxious when they smelled Kamba-scented(有…气味的) clothing.

D．They were frightened and ran away when they smelled their enemies.

3. What is the main idea of this passage?

A．Elephants use sight and smell to detect danger.

B．Elephants attack people who wear red clothing.

C．Scientists are now able to control elephants’ emotions.

D．Some Kenyan tribes understand elephants’ emotions very well.

4.What can be inferred about the elephants’ behavior from this passage?

A．Elephants learn from their experience.

B．Elephants have sharper sense of smell than sight.

C．Elephants are more intelligent than other animals.

D．Elephants tend to attack rather than escape when in danger.

Streit was an experienced safecracker who never used force — either against people or safes. He was a real  11  of his trade and it took him only 19 minutes to open the most difficult   12  he had ever met. In about 10 years,   13   by his brother Stefan, he took about ?33,000,000 —from the safes of 28 banks in Austria. On his last job, he   14  the safe door open and ?80,000 behind. With the   15  was a note, ''We don't need all that much''. A witness   16  his car and Streit was caught by the police. Then he was sent to Austria's Stein Prison to serve a six-year   17  . He boasted (吹嘘) at his trial that he would continue   18  the law, ''I'm a thief and I shall use every opportunity.'' In spite of the   19  , prison officials moved Streit to the prison's blacksmith shop. One day during the week before Christmas,

Streit   20  . Searchers found all his doors were well locked. Streit had   21  to make a set of keys and let himself out. Not to   22  , though. After crossing into Bavaria, Streit   23  the suspicion (怀疑) of German customs police on purpose and got himself   24  . ''I want to be in a German prison, ''he   25  to the surprised police. ''As German courts give much milder (温和的) sentences for   26  like mine and will   27  the time I would otherwise have served in Stein Prison.'' In prison, Streit   28   his keepers to let him telephone his former keeper, Karl Schreiner of Stein Prison. ''I'm sorry   29   I caused trouble. I didn't want to   30  anybody by escaping. Conditions weren't that bad. In fact the food was better than it is here.''

1.                A．artist           B．dancer         C．composer D．musician

2.                A．bank           B．safe            C．prison    D．door

3.                A．offered         B．trained         C．helped   D．respected

4.                A．made          B．left            C．broke    D．removed

5.                A．safe           B．job            C．door D．money

6.                A．recognized      B．stole           C．rode     D．broke

7.                A．treatment       B．holiday         C．freedom  D．sentence

8.                A．obeying        B．breaking        C．respecting D．destroying

9.                A．sentence       B．trial            C．warning  D．suggestion

10.               A．disappeared     B．starved         C．survived   D．worked

11.               A．tried           B．decided        C．managed D．expected

12.               A．safety          B．freedom        C．hometown D．prison

13.               A．attracted       B．offered         C．removed  D．admitted

14.               A．recognized      B．relaxed         C．arrested   D．encouraged

15.               A．went          B．lied            C．negotiated     D．explained

16.               A．crimes         B．robbery        C．money    D．mistakes

17.               A．multiply        B．lose           C．add  D．reduce

18.               A．cheated        B．persuaded      C．expected D．helped

19.               A．though         B．but            C．for   D．if

20.               A．injure          B．steal           C．embarrass D．Accuse

第三部分 阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分。满分40分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、c和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
A
My father and I were very close. I loved pleasing him, and he was always proud of my success. If I won a spelling contest at school, he was on top of the world. Later in life whenever I got a promotion(升职), I’d call my father right away and he’d rush out to tell all his friends. In 1970, when I was named president of the Ford Motor Company, I don’t know which of us was more excited.
Like many native Italians, my parents were very open with their feelings and their loves not lonely at home, but also in public. Most of my friends would never hug their fathers. But I hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunity. Nothing could have felt more natural.
He was a curious man who was always trying new things. He was the first person in Allentown to buy a motorcycle. Unfortunately, my father and his motorcycle didn’t get along too well. He fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it. As a result, he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels.
Because of that motorcycle, I wasn’t allowed to have a bicycle when I was growing up. Whenever I wanted to ride a bike, I had to borrow one from a friend. On the other hand, my father let me drive a car as soon as I turned sixteen.
56. What nationality was my father?
A. American     B. Italian          C. Indian          D. Britain
57. My father didn’t allow me to ride a bicycle because ___ .
A. it was made out of his motorcycle.
B. It would cost him quite a lot of money.
C. It had less than four wheels.
D. He was afraid that people would laugh at him.
58. I hugged and kissed my father at every opportunity, ___ .
A. even though I hated to do so
B. because I was told to do so by my mother
C. as I was named president of the Ford Motor company
D. for I felt it quite natural to do so
59. What does the underlined word “ vehicle” probably mean?
A. bicycle             B. motorcycle      
C. car                 D. tool used to carry goods or passengers

In front of the big Shibuya train station in Tokyo, there is a life-size bronze (青铜) statue of a dog. Even though the statue is very small when compared to the huge neon (霓虹灯) signs flashing, it isn’t   21  to find. It has been used as   22  since 1934 and today you will find hundreds of people waiting there for their friends to   23 —just look for the crowds（人群）.

Hachiko, an Akita dog, was born in 1923 and brought to Tokyo in 1924. His owner, Professor Eisaburo Uyeno and he were close friends that cannot be   24  right from the start. Each day Hachiko would go with his owner, a professor at the Imperial University, to Shibuya train station when he left for work. When he came back, the professor would always find the dog   25  waiting for him.   26 , the professor died suddenly at work in 1925 before he could return home.

  27  Hachiko was still a young dog, the bond between him and his owner was very strong and he   28  to wait at the station every day. Sometimes, he would stay there for days at a time, though some believe that he kept returning because of the food he was given by street vendors. Over time he became a   29  sight to people going to and from work every day. In 1934, a statue of him was put   30  the station. In 1935, Hachiko died at the place he last saw his friend alive.

1.                A．difficult         B．important       C．pleasant D．polite

2.                                  A．a parking place   B．a training center

C．a starting line                      D．a meeting point

3.                A．leave          B．arrive          C．die D．work

4.                A．touched        B．separated       C．reached D．moved

5.                A．nervously       B．disappointedly    C．patiently  D．carefully

6.                A．Sadly          B．Clearly          C．Luckily   D．Honestly

7.                A．Because        B．Since           C．Although  D．Unless

8.                A．decided        B．agreed         C．offered   D．continued

9.                A．familiar         B．strange         C．comfortable   D．funny

10.               A．inside          B．outside         C．behind    D．above

As computers become all the more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes（笔画）of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.
Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as primary school. And computer dependence is more wide-spread among university students. Almost all their homework and essays are typed on a computer.
All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer.
It's faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that's why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock in computers increasingly, problems appear.
"When I'm writing with a pen, I find I often can't remember how to write a character, though I feel I’m familiar with it."
"I'm not in the mood to write when faced with a pen and paper."
Many students don't feel this is something to worry about. Now that it's more convenient and quick to write on a computer, why bother to handwrite?
Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei , the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said "Chinese characters enjoy both practical and aesthetic(审美的) value. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only have their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer's emotion(情绪). Through one's handwriting, people can get to know one's thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.”
To encourage students to handwrite more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory(必修的)and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand.
【小题1】Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?