It was early spring.The sun was strong and warm.I went over the hillside fields behind my village，__1__buntings and linnets，the birds I loved most.

I turned along a bush between two fields where I had seen the birds before，but on this fine day almost the first birds that I saw were winter visitors.I was__2__not to see a bunting straightaway，but I went on，stopping occasionally to look at the black-thorn (黑刺李) flowers in the bush，and ___3___I did hear a bunting singing.Or was it? Was I not perhaps turning a note of skylark (云雀) song into that of the song I was hoping to hear?

But the bunting's song was pretty clear，and within a few minutes I was proved___4__.The song was coming from the bush，and as I approached ___5__I saw the brown bird resting in a small tree.It opened its mouth，and__6__once more.Then it flew off.It was the only one I saw that day，but at least I had found one of the birds I had__7__.

It was not until I was on my way back home that I caught sight of some ___8__.I saw five of them gathering on the ground when I was just coming back beside the ___9__where I had found the bunting.As I came nearer，they flew up，spreading their tails so that their white edges ___10___ to look like a white fan in the sky.Then，to my___11__，some big pigeons suddenly came flying and joined the linnets.

A moment later they had all__12__ — but I had fulfilled my hopes for the day.

1．A.looking at B．looking for C．looking up D．looking after

2．A.disappointed B．dismissed C．dissatisfied　　　 D．disturbed

3．A.directly B．gradually 　C．suddenly　 D．immediately

4．A.proper　 B．right C．useful 　　 　D．true

5．A.sadly　　 B．hurriedly 　C．proudly 　 　D．quietly

6．A.danced　 B．ateC．sang D．shouted

7．A.observed B．noticed C．expected D．described

8．A.linnets B．skylarks C．pigeons　 D．buntings

9．A.bush B．road 　C．grass D．black-thorn

10．A.widened　　 B．enlarged C．lengthened D．expanded

11．A.knowledge B．pleasure C．amusement　 D．honor

12. A．gathered　　 B．lost C．missed D．gone

[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.

　　[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.

　　[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.

　　[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.

1.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)________________________

2.Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)

Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the  IQ list.

3.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)

___________                                                               

4.What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)

　　________________________________________________________________________

5.What does the word "they" (Line 2, Paragraph 3) probably refer to？(no more than 8 words)

________________________________________________________________________

Most forest fires are caused by human carelessness, negligence, or ignorance. Forest fire prevention, therefore, is mainly a problem of creating a better understanding of the importance of forests, an awareness of the danger of fire in the woods, and a sense of personal responsibility to safeguard the forests from danger. This is not an easy job. A city dweller, used to paved street, does not easily change his smoking habits when he goes into the woods.

Careless smokers are responsible for thousands of forest fires each year. Many of these are started when cigarette butts and matches are tossed from automobiles. Others are caused by hunters, hikers, fishermen, or woods workers who are careless in disposing of their smoking material. The Forest Service has posted rules in many of the National Forests that prohibit smoking except in certain designated areas. Many of the states have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles. The prevention of smoker-caused fires, however, depends upon changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people who smoke in hazardous area.

The most important natural cause of fire is lightning. This accounts for 11 percent of forest fires on protected land for the entire nation. In the western states, lightning causes a much higher percentage of fire than it does in the east.

Advances in knowledge of fire weather are helping forest protection forces to know when to be alert for lightning-caused fires. Adequate and well-equipped forces can control them quickly and hold the damage to a minimum. Experiments in “seeding” thunder clouds to prevent or control the lightning itself have been in process for many years, but new breakthroughs are needed for any significant reduction in the lightning starts.

　　 1. The passage is chiefly about

　　　　 A. smoking in forests

　　　　 B. the chief cause of forest fire and their prevention

　　　　 C. changing the attitudes and behavior of millions of people

　　　　 D. advances in knowledge of fire weather

　　 2. Preventing smoker-caused forest fires is mainly a problem of——.

　　　　 A. building the proper knowledge and habits in human beings

　　　　 B. safeguarding the forest from fire

　　　　 C. posting rules in forests

　　　　 D. holding the damage to minimum　　　　　　　　   　　

　　 3. Lightning-caused fires can be controlled quickly by——.

　　　　 A. hunters and woods workers　　　　　　   B. responsible smokers

　　　　 C. adequate and well-equipped forces　　　　 D changing people's habits

　　 4. Which of the following statements is not true?

　　　　 A. The chief causes of forest fires are human carelessness, negligence, or ignorance.

　　　　 B. Lightning, the important natural cause of forest fire, can be prevented or controlled by men.

　　　　 C.  Quite a few states in America have laws against throwing lighted materials from automobiles.

　　　　 D. “Seeding” thunder clouds are a good way to prevent forest fire.