Doctors are doing research to find out what happens physically when people _________ smoking.

Many people have never heard of Mesothelioma and are unaware of its symptoms. Although considered a rare form of cancer, each year the number of cases grows. With the prevalence(流行)of this disease on the rise, it is critical to understand why and how Mesothelioma develops and what courses of action can be taken in the event of diagnosis. The following is a list of frequently asked questions and answers that will provide you with some information on Mesothelioma, and the legal issues surrounding it.

What is Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor found in the mesothelial cells of an organ. The organs where this form of cancer is most commonly found are the lungs, heart and abdominal organs. Pleural Mesothelioma is cancer of the lung lining(组织,膜)and is the most common form of Mesothelioma.

What causes Mesothelioma?

Mesothelioma is almost always caused by exposure to asbestos(石棉). Asbestos is often found in building materials used before the mid 1970's. In addition, materials such as pipes, boiler insulation, floor, ceiling and roof tiles may contain asbestos.

How much asbestos exposure will cause Mesothelioma?

Generally, the probability of developing this form of cancer is in accordance with the length of time you are exposed to asbestos. Also, your health is at risk if your exposure to asbestos is intense. It should be noted that Mesothelioma has a latency(潜伏)period of 20 to 50 years. This means that you may develop the disease long after your exposure to asbestos. On average, people tend to develop Mesothelioma somewhere between 35 and 40 years after exposure.

How quickly does Mesothelioma progress?

The onset of Mesothelioma is quite slow. Patients will begin to experience symptoms such as lower back pain and chest pain. These symptoms may also be accompanied by weight loss, fever and difficulty breathing. Unfortunately, once Mesothelioma develops, it quickly becomes aggressive and treatment must be sought immediately.

Can Mesothelioma be treated?

Doctors are able to use several traditional methods of cancer treatment for Mesothelioma, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation. Like all forms of cancer, detecting the disease at the earliest stage possible greatly increases the patient's chances for survival. If you have worked in an industry such as construction or suspect that you may have been exposed to asbestos, be alert for symptoms and contact your doctor immediately.

What legal courses of action can be taken?

Anyone suffering from Mesothelioma is entitled to compensation from asbestos manufacturers. Additionally, if you are the spouse or child of someone who has died from Mesothelioma, you are entitled to file a claim and seek compensation.

1.The authors intends to _______.

   A. tell the readers how important it is to know more about Mesothelioma.

   B. provide more information about Mesothelioma

   C. give advice on how tto avoid developing Mesothelioma

   D. tell the readers how terrible Mesothelioma is

2.We can learn from the text that _______.

   A. Asbestos is to blame for Mesothelioma.

   B. Even if a person is exposed to asbestos for a while, he will die soon.

   C. All the employees can ask for compensation from asbestos manufacturers.

   D. Mesothelioma is a cancer familiar to many people.

3.The following are the symptoms of Mesothelioma EXCEPT ______.

   A. frequent headache     B. lower back pain

C. chest pain      D. difficult breathing

4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

   A. Terrible Mesothelioma

B. Mesothelioma is around us

   C. Frequently Asked Questions About Mesothelioma

D. Mesothelioma in on the rise

5.If you work in an industry exposed to asbestos, you should ________.

   A. give up the job immediately

B. ask for a rise from your boss

   C. file a claim and seek compensation

D. go to hospital and have your body examined

A Concussion（脑震荡） happens when the brain is shaken, often in a car crash or a fall or a strike on; the head in sports．Concussions can be mild, but doctors may order a CT scan to look for a more serious injury．But a recent study warned that more children than necessary are being exposed to radiation this way．

A national team led by two doctors at the University of California, Davis, studied hospital records from thousands of children with head injuries. They found that in many cases, the risk of developing cancer from the radiation outweighed the risk of a serious brain injury.

The study found that one in five children over age two had a low risk of serious injury but received CT scans anyway. The same was true of almost one in four children under two years of age.

The researchers have developed rules to predict if a head injury is serious enough for a scan. For children under two, doctors are advised against it if there is:

·Normal mental activity.

·No swelling in the back of the head.

·No feeling of a broken bone in the skull. (头骨)

·And no loss of consciousness for more than five seconds.

Doctors should also consider how the child was injured and whether the parents say the child is acting normally.

For patients from two to eighteen, the guidelines are similar ——except there should be no loss of consciousness, no vomiting（呕吐） and no severe headache. 

 Earlier this year, the British Journal of Sports Medicine published new guidelines for concussions in children and teens. International experts said they should not return to sports or school until fully recovered. The brain also needs a "cognitive rest," they say, by restricting activities like video games, texting and watching TV.

It often takes young people longer than adults to recover from a concussion. The experts say individual progress and not a set time period should always guide a decision to return to play. More than one million cases of concussion are reported each year in the United States alone. A congressional committee has called a hearing Wednesday to discuss legal issues related to head injuries in football.

The researchers at the -University of California found that children who received CT scans

    A．were likely to suffer brain injuries

    B．wouldn't have normal mental activity

    C．would lose consciousness now and then   

    D．were likely to develop cancer

For patients from two to eight, the guidelines are similar to the ones for children under two except___________.

 A. there is normal mental activity.

B. there is no swelling in the back of the head.

C. there is no feeling of a broken bone in the skull.

D. there should be no loss of consciousness

What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

    A．Texting is harmful to patients’ recovery from concussions．

    B．Patients with brain injuries can play many sports．

    C．Adults need a longer time than teens to recover from concussions．

    D．It takes at least a year for individuals with brain injuries to fully recover．

The author of the passage mainly___．

    A．describes the risks of brain injuries

    B．suggests CT scans are of practical use

    C．tells us about the risks of brain injury tests

    D．argues against new guidelines for concussions

When you think of all the ways your body can get hurt---falling off a bike, stepping on a nail, being bitten by a crazed dog---the aches and pains that come from sitting at a computer may not seem like much.
But more doctors are getting worried about just that. If you sit at a PC the wrong way, the nerves and muscles in your back, neck and arms can get out of line.
Ergonomics is the study of how people work and how jobs and equipment can be designed so that people are safer and more comfortable in the things they do---whether that’s working on a factory assembly line or sitting in front of a computer.
The monitor
You should not have to tilt（倾斜） your neck up or down to lock at the screen. Your eyes should be level with the top of the screen.
How far away should you sit? Reach your arm out so your fingertips just touch the screen.
The keyboard
It should be directly in front of you. Don’t unfold the legs on the bottom of the keyboard so that it tilts up toward you---it should be as flat as possible, or even tilted away from you. You want your wrists “neutral,” which means straight, not bent. This puts less strain on your nerves and muscles.
Arms should be close to the body. Don’t look at your fingers as you type. Use a document holder to hold papers at the same level as the monitor. Keep the mouse on the same level as the keyboard and close by--- so you don’t have to reach for it.
The chair
Your feet shouldn’t dangle---the blood will pool in your feet. They should rest flat on the floor, or on phone books, if necessary. Your back needs support. Roll up a towel and stick it there.
The Body
If you think of your body as a collection of right angles when you sit at a computer, you should be just fine.
Your hips should be at a 90-degree angle to your back. That takes the pressure off the spine. And your knees should bend at a 90 degree angle so your feet are flat.
【小题1】The passage mainly talks about        .

B
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient–to
speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In
medicine as in law, government, and other lines of
work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed
（变矮小）by greater needs: the need to protect from
brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance
the public interest．
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the  truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often．At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones．
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate （恶化） faster, perhaps even commit suicide（自杀）．
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled．We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation．
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly．Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception （欺骗）．Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust．Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you．"
60．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition．
B．Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness．
C．Whether different studies should be carried on．
D．Whether doctors are honesty with their patients．
61．For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____．
A．tell the patient the truth as soon as possible
B．choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment
C．tell him to shorten the family vacation
D．advise him to cancel the family vacation
62．Which of the following is TRUE?
A．Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest．
B．Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly．
C．Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases．
D．Many patients don't want to know the truth, especially about serious illness．
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to professional deception is ____．
A．supportive          B．indifferent       C．opposed       D．neutral
63．From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is      .
A．supportive       B．indifferent       C．opposed    D．neutral