To extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguishers have been invented. They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires（要求） ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers.

Since fuel, oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to put out a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.

Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used to cover a small fire.

A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.

The method that is used to put out a fire depends on the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.

1.If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the following should be ready there for you to use?

2.To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin( 盆）in order to stop the fire    is an example of___________.

3.In choosing how to put out a fire, we should first be clear about__________.

4.What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

Consulates (领事馆) exist to help citizens abroad to help themselves. Every year millions of people go abroad for pleasure or profit (利润). There are consular officers ready to do what they can to help if people get into difficulties, but for all sorts of reasons there are limits to what they can do. Most times things go well for travelers abroad but occasionally things go wrong.

So, whether you are an experienced traveler or a first timer, going by yourself, with the family or a group there are things you should do before you go. Think about money and tickets well in advance. Take enough money including enough to pay your return fare, and hold on to it. Better still, buy return tickets in the first place. In an emergency a consul (领事) will contact relatives or friends and ask them to help you with money or tickets. But there's no law that says a consul has to lend you money and if he eventually does (and it will have to be repaid) he will want to be satisfied first that you really do have no money and there is no one else you know who can help.

It is also important to take out proper insurance (保险) for everything from car breakdowns to loss of life. A consul cannot pay your medical or any other bills, nor can he do the work of local travel representatives or motoring organizations.

1．What is the author trying to do in the textm

A．To inform people about laws abroad.      B．To describe an international problem.

C．To explain how to visit a consulate.       D．To give advice about consulates

2．Why would somebody read the text?

A．To know how to contact a consul.      B．To find out how to make a complaint (抱怨).

C．To know when to contact a consul.     D．To find out where a consul lives.

3．You can borrow money from a consul if you    

    A．need to stay abroad longer.            B．have to help a relative

    C．have no other financial (资金) means    D．need to have your car repaired

4．Which of the following notices would you see in Consular Office?

A． CONSULAR OFFICE

In an emergency you may contact your consul. He may give you advice but you should not rely on being given financial help.

B．CONSULAR OFFICE

In an emergency you may contact this office. Your consul can always help with hospital and dental costs.

C．CONSULAR OFFICE

You may contact your consul if you have run out of money. He will arrange for you to receive help if you cannot pay your bills.      

D．CONSULAR OFFICE

Your consul is here to help you. If your car has broken down or you’re experiencing travel difficulties of any kind. Contact your consul.

Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways .  71  Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.

You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report.    72    Whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a selective process.    73 

The following methods may work best for you.

●Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it.

●Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and  supporting facts.

● Write your notes in your own words.

●   74   

● Note any questions or ideas you may have about what was said or written. As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them  all the time.  75 

E. you will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.

F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.

G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember it.

Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.

Recite and repeat in conversation.

When you hear a person’s name，repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial.

Ask the other person to recite and repeat.

You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone，ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort you’re making to learn their names.

Admit you don’t know.

Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say. “I’m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?”

Use associations.

Link each person yon meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example，you could make a mental note: "Vicki Cheng -- tall, black hair." To reinforce(加强) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.

Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.

When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.

Go early.

Consider going early to conferences, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. That's fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others—an automatic review for you.

1.How many ways to remember names are mentioned in this text?

2.How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names?

3.If you can't remember someone's name, you may ________

4.What does the text mainly tell us?

Are you sometimes a little tired and sleepy in the early afternoon? Many people feel this way after lunch. They may think that eating lunch is the cause of the sleepiness. Or, in summer, they may think it is the heat. However, the real reason lies inside their bodies. At that time – about eight hours after you wake up – your body temperature goes down. This is what makes you slow down and feel sleepy. Scientists have tested sleep habits in experiments where there was no night or day. The people in these experiments almost always followed a similar sleeping pattern. They slept for one long period and then for one short period about eight hours later.

In many parts of the world, people take naps(小睡) in the middle of the day. This is especially true in warmer climates(气候), where the heat makes work difficult in the early afternoon. Researchers are now saying that naps are good for everyone in any climate. A daily nap gives one a more rested body and mind and therefore is good for health in general. In countries where naps are traditional (传统的), people often suffer less from problem such as heart disease.

Many working people, unfortunately, have no time to take naps. Though doctors may advise taking naps, employers do not allow it! If you do have the chance, however, here are a few tips about making the most of your nap. Remember that the best time to take a nap is about eight hours after you get up. A short sleep too late in the day may only make you feel more tired and sleepy afterward. This can slao happen if you sleep for too long. If you do not have enough time, try a short nap – even ten minutes of sleep can be helpful.

1. Why do people feel sleepy in the early afternoon according to the text?

A. They eat too much for lunch.            B. They sleep too little at night.

C. Their body temperature becomes lower.  D. The weather becomes a lot warmer.

2. If you get up at 6:30 am, what is the best time for you to take a nap?

A. About 12:30 pm.                 B. About 1:30 pm.

C. About 2:30 pm                  D. About 3:30 pm

3. What would be the best title for the text?

A. Just for a Rest               B. All for a Nap

C. A Special Sleep Pattern.             D. Taking Naps in Warmer Climate.