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Section D

Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions and complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

An addiction（瘾）is an activity or substance we are eager to experience repeatedly, and for which we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involve alcohol, cigarettes, food, drugs, gambling, etc. This article discusses the concepts which can be helpful in coping with addictive behavior. 

Relatively minor addictions, such as watching too much television, or lying in bed on weekend mornings, are often not even considered addictions, because the price paid for engaging in them is not high. On the other hand, we tend to use the term “addict” to describe the person who, at least in the eyes of others, continues to be addicted in a behavior long after it has become clear that the substantial price being paid was not worth the benefit. The individual who has lost career, house, family and friends because of cocaine (可卡因) use, but is unwilling to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.

Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences, to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned, with much area in between. Although it is not necessarily true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time, yet a constant level of addictive behavior (e.g., overspending $ 200 a week ) can lead to an increasing level of negative consequences.

You may be surprised to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh the price. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The price of membership in a gym, the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health, energy, self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions, positive addictions may not get stronger over time, and there is a broad range of how much benefit is actually obtained.

What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urge to engage in the addictive behavior, and the satisfaction that is felt when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of tension and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is acted upon, there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.

81. What does the passage mainly talk about?

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82.We use the term “addict” to describe a person when he or she goes on _______________even

though he or she knows it is not worthwhile.

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83. Why is exercising in the gym considered to be a positive addiction?

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84. How do people feel when the urge is acted on?

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(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)

阅读下面短文并回答问题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。

[1]Nowadays, researchers from the University of Maryland found that nearly four in five students have depression,panic,confusion and extreme isolation when they are forced to keep away from technology for a day.The study concluded that "most students failed to go the full 24 hours without media". They have been addicted to the modern technology.

   [2]In this research, almost 1,000 university students from 12 campuses in 10 countries, including Britain, America and China, have been interviewed. Most of them were unable to avoid technology for one full day. The researchers concluded that, college students at campuses across the globe admitted being "addicted" to modern technology such as mobile phones, laptops and televisions as well as social networking such as Facebook and Twitter. An American college student told of his great desire when he was forced to keep away from the media. He even said  it           “cocaine addiction”.

[3]The research also found students used “nearly the same words to describe their reactions when they were away from the media”. These included emotions such as confusion, anxiety, insecurity, jealousness, anger, loneliness, dependence and depression.

    [4]Professor Susan Moeller, who led the research, said technology had changed the students' relationships. "Students talked about how scary(可怕的) it was when there is no technology, how addicted they were to it，" she said. "They expected the frustration without the media. But they didn't expect to have the psychological effects，to be lonely, to be panicked, the anxiety, literally heart palpitations (心悸). Technology provides the social network for young people today and they have spent their entire lives being plugged in."

76.What's the main idea of the text? (no more than 10 words)

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77.How will most students feel if they keep away from technology for 24 hours? (no more than 9 words)

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78.Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 4 words)

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79.What does the underlined word "These" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? (no more than 10 words)

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80.Complete the following statement with proper words. (no more than 2 words)

The youth have access to social network nowadays with the help of ________which they are addicted to and can’t get away from.