Part one: First Major Novels

    If Dickens had remained the author of Pickwick, Oliver Twist, and The Old Curiosity Shop, he might have gained lasting fame only as an author of cheerful comedy．But Dombey and Son, published in 1846 and continued till 1848, is a realistic novel of human life in a society which had taken more or less its modern form．The novel is a study of the influence of the values of a business society on the members of the Dombey family．

Part two: ___________

In 1851 Dickens was struck by the death of his father and one of his daughters within 2 weeks．Partly in response to these losses, he created a series of works which have come to be called his “dark” novels and which rank among the greatest success of the art of fiction．

Part three: Later Works

In 1859 Dickens published A Tale of Two Cities, a historical novel of the French Revolution, which is read today most often as a school text．It is a fine picture of the historical period and a moving tale of a surprisingly modern hero．Besides publishing this novel in the lately founded All the Year Round, Dickens also published 17 articles, which appeared as a book later．

Dickens’s next novel, Great Expectations (1860～1861), tells the story of a young man’s moral(道德的) development in the course of his life-from childhood in the provinces to gentleman’s role in London．Not based on his own life like David Copperfield, Great Expectations belongs to the type of fiction called, in German, Bildungsroman (the novel of a man’s education or formation by experience)．

56．Which of the following Dickens’ novel shows a clear change of style?

A．David Copperfield          B．Pickwick                       C．Dombey and Son            D．Oliver Twist

57．The best title for Part two might be _______．

A．Unexpected deaths          B．Dark novels     C．Great losses      D．The art of fiction

58．According to the passage, A Tale of Two Cities _______．

A．is about the Industry Revolution     B．can be found in most of the textbooks

C．is better than his “dark” novels       D．is probably published in a new magazine

59．In Great Expectation, Dickens writes about _______．

A．the growth of a man                            B．how to become a gentleman

C．his own life experience                  D．a man’s school education

Part one: First Major Novels

If Dickens had remained the author of Pickwick, Oliver Twist, and The Old Curiosity Shop, he might have gained lasting fame only as an author of cheerful comedy. But Dombey and Son, published in 1846 and continued till 1848, is a realistic novel of human life in a society which had taken more or less its modern form. The novel is a study of the influence of the values of a business society n the members of the Dombey family.

Part two:       

In 1851 Dickens was struck by the death of his father and one of his daughters within 2 weeks. Partly in response to these losses, he created a series of works which have come to be called his “dark” novels and which rank among the greatest success of the art of fiction.

Par three: Later Works

    In 1859 Dickens published A Tale of Two Cities, a historical novel of the French Revolution, which is read today most often as a school text. It is fine picture of the historical period and a moving tale of a surprisingly modern hero. Besides publishing this novel in the lately founded All the Year Round, Dickens also published 17 articles, which appeared as a book later.

    Dickens’s next novel, Great Expectations(1860~1861), tells the story of a young man’s moral（道德的）development in the course of his life-from childhood in the provinces to gentleman’s role in London. Not based on his own life like David Copperfield, Great Expectations belongs to type of fiction called, in German, Bildungsroman (the novel of a man’s education or formation by experience.)

1．Which of the following Dickens’ novel shows a clear change of style?

      A．David Copperfield                                B．Pickwick

       C．Dombey and Son                                 D．Oliver Twist

2．The best title for Part two might be        .

       A．Unexpected deaths                               B．Dark novels

       C．Great losses                                        D．The art of fiction

3．According to the passage, A Tale of Two Cities      .

       A．is about the Industry Revolution            B．can be found in most of the textbooks

       C．is better than his “dark” novels              D．is probably published in a new magazine

4．In Great Expectation, Dickens writes about          .

      A．the growth of a man                            B．how to become a gentleman

       C．his own life experience                         D．a man’s school education

To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island - quite a few "No's".
There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells（牢房） in the entire land – an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people.
There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and do daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July.
The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser（间歇泉）and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power.
Iceland has been described as a democratic (民主的) independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized and passed from generation to generation. The Icelanders have never stopped writing ever since. “Rather shoeless than bookless," they proudly say.
【小题1】American visitors enjoy visiting Iceland probably because     .

To American visitors, Iceland is a very interesting country, partly because it is different in so many ways from what he or she is used to seeing at home. There are quite a few things that are not done, or that do not exist on the island - quite a few "No's".

There is no pollution, for instance. No dogs are permitted in Reykjavik, the capital. There is no television on Thursdays or during the entire month of July, and only three hours of black-and-white TV the rest of the time. There is no hard liquor on Wednesdays and no beer at any time. There are no handguns; only one jail of thirty-five cells（牢房） in the entire land – an admirable figure, even for a small country of 313,376 people.

There is no army, air force or navy. There is no tipping for anything. There are no large stores open on Saturdays or Sundays. Since Iceland is situated just under the Arctic Circle, there is no darkness in summer and do daylight in winter. But thanks to Gulf Stream, the climate is rather mild, with temperatures ranging from 34 degrees Fahrenheit to 52 degrees in July.

The rules on television, liquor, and guns are the result of governmental decision. But the absence of pollution is due in great part to the fact that Iceland gets its power from the enormous geyser（间歇泉）and the thousands of hot springs that come out of the ground. They provide all the energy needed by the country. In fact, Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power.

Iceland has been described as a democratic (民主的) independent country where more fish are caught and more books published per person than anywhere else in the world. The Icelanders have always felt a particular love for literature. They composed their first works in the ninth and tenth centuries AD. These works were poems and tales about the kings, heroes, and heroines of Iceland and Norway. At first the stories were memorized and passed from generation to generation. The Icelanders have never stopped writing ever since. “Rather shoeless than bookless," they proudly say.

1.American visitors enjoy visiting Iceland probably because     .

A．no dogs are permitted in the capital

B．the police do not carry handguns

C．it is very different from America

D．the climate is rather mild.

2.The following statements are true EXCEPT       .

A．there are no soldiers in Iceland

B．the Icelanders don't drink beer

C．there is no service fee of any kind

D．there are no crimes in Iceland

3.There is no pollution in Iceland mainly because         .

A．Iceland uses only 3 percent of all its available power

B．the Icelanders use hot water from the ground below as their energy

C．it is located just under the Arctic Circle

D．it is a democratic independent country

4."Rather shoeless than bookless" means         .

A．they regard books more important than shoes.

B．they would rather have shoes on than write books

C．they prefer traveling to reading

D．they prefer not to have shoes or books

A new enemy is threatening Japanese traditions: leisure. A part of its attempt to increase imports, the government is trying to get people to work less and spend more. The workers are disgusted.

The figures support the western prejudice that the Japanese are all working without play. Trying to force workers away from their desks and machines, the government said last April that the country should cut down from its 2,100 hours average work year to 1,899 hours and a five-day by 1992. Beginning in February, banks and offices two Saturdays a month. The government hopes that others will follow that practice. But some persuasion will be needed. Small companies are very angry about it and they fear competitions may not cut hour. The unions are no happier: they have even advertised in newspapers arguing their case against the foreign pressure that is forcing leisure upon them. They say shorter hours are a disguised pay cut. The industrialists, who have no objection to the government’s plans, admit that shorter hours will help them cut costs. Younger Japanese who are supposed to be acting against their hard-working parents, show no sign of wanting time off either. But unlike older workers, they do spend money in their spare time. Not content with watching TV, they dance, dress up, sit in cafes, go to pop concerts and generally drive the leisure-industry boom. Now that they know how to consume, maybe the West can teach them to relax and enjoy themselves too.

1.       A possible reason for workers’ unwillingness(不情愿) to accept more leisure is that ____.

A. they are not used to leisure     

B. they don’t want to spend more

C. they will earn less money  

D. they view leisure a challenge to Japanese traditions

2. Who supports the short-hour system?

   A. The small companies.                  B. The unions

   C. The industrialists.                        D. The younger generation

3. The younger workers are different from the old workers as _______.

  A. the former have a new style of consumption

  B. the former want to have more leisure

  C. the former don’t like watching TV

  D. the former are anti-social

4. It can be inferred that the Japanese government adopts the short-hour system ____.

  A. in order to improve efficiency   

  B. partly because of the foreign pressure

  C. to save some chances for others 

  D. to reduce the burden of some industrialists

5. The passage mainly discusses ______.

  A. a new policy threatening Japanese tradition

  B. the balance between work and play

  C. different attitudes towards short working hours

  D. generation gap