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What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?
We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.
What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.
He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).
He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. He rejects authority as the only basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively.
Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.
Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to guess how processes work and how events take place.
These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.
1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through_________
A．knowledge only. B．more than one aspect.
C．technology only. D．the use of machines.
2.Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?
A．He doesn’t find confidence and pleasure in work.
B．He is interested in problems that are explained.
C．He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.
D．He looks for new ways of acting.
3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT_______________.
A．easily believe in unchecked statements.
B．easily criticize others' research work.
C．always use his imagination in work.
D．always use evidence from observation.
4.Which word can be used to describe the data that a good scientist uses?
A．complete B．objective C．complicated D．accurate
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A young boy was sitting in the back seat of the car eating an apple. He asked his father, “Why does my apple turn brown?” his father answered, “When the skin is removed, air reaches the flesh of the apple and causes oxidation. This changes the apple’s molecular structure and results in a brownish color.” The boy asked, “ Daddy, what are you talking about?”
I know how that boy feels. Sometimes I want answers to some of those confusing questions that we all meet with, such as how to get through difficult times or what to do in a tough situation. I just want to get it right.
The problem is that I don’t always have the answer I need. Nobody else seems to have them, either. So I go on making mistakes and think that I’ll never get it right.
Often I didn’t know what to do. I often made poor choices, but I gradually improved. Then I realized that I don’t HAVE TO always get it right. I don’t have to always know what to do all the time. All I really need to do is try my best, learn from my mistakes and go on.
Dr. Leo Buscaglia once said, “ No one gets out of this world alive, so the time to live, learn, care, share, celebrate and love is now. That would be pretty hard to do when you’re waiting for all the answers first.”
So you got it wrong. You made a mistake. So what should you do next? Forgive yourself and try again. You may not get out of this world alive, but you can get plenty of life out of this world if you are not too worried about always getting it right.
1. In the beginning, the author tells the story of a boy and his father to ____.
A．show that the father is very knowledgeable
B．say something interesting about apples
C．introduce the subject of the passage
D．show that children nowadays ask more questions
2. How did the boy feel when he heard his father’s explanation?
A．He admired his father very much.
B．He knew what his father meant.
C．He thought that he had learned a lot from his father.
D．He felt it was difficult to understand.
3. What do Dr. Leo Buscaglia’s words mean?
A．We must make right choices as often as possible.
B．We can search the answers when enjoying life itself.
C．People have many desires when they enter the world.
D．It is hard to lead a happy and satisfying life.
4. What can be concluded from the passage?
A．We should learn from our mistakes and try again.
B．We should try to learn and understand the answers to questions.
C．It is very important to try to avoid mistakes.
D．It is our duty to make the world a better place.
5. What is the style of the passage?
A. novel B. news C. essay D poem
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第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I come across a good article in reading newspapers，I often want to cut and keep it．But just as I am about to do so，I find the article on the 31 side is as much interesting．It may be a discussion of the way to 32 in good health，or advice about how to behave and 33 yourself in society．If I cut the front articles，the opposite one is likely to suffer 34 ，leaving one half of it or keeping the text 35 the title．Therefore，the scissors would stay before they start， 36 the cutting would be halfway done when I find out the 37 result．
Sometimes two things are to be done at the same time，both worth your 39 ．You can only take up one of them；the other has to wait or be 39 up．But you know the future is unpredictable—the changed situation may not 40 you to do what is left behind．Thus you are 41 in a difficult position and feel sad．How come nice 42 and clever ideas should gather around all at once? It may happen that your life 43 greatly on your preference of your one choice to the other．
In fact that is what 44 is like；we are often 45 with the two opposite sides of a thing which are both 46 like a newspaper cutting．It often occurs that our attention is 47 to the thing only after we get into another．The former may be more important than the latter and this 48 a divided mind．I still remember a philosopher’s 49 ：“When one door shuts，another opens in life．”So a casual（不经意的） 50 may not be a bad one．
31．A．same B．opposite C．either D．front
32．A．get B．bring C．1ead D．keep
33．A．enjoy B．help C．conduct D．dress
34．A．damage B．destroy C．hurt D．injury
35．A．on B．for C．without D．off
36．A．or B．but C．so D．for
37．A．satisfying B．regrettable C．surprising D．impossible
38．A．courage B．patience C．strength D．attention
39．A．given B．picked C．held D．made
40．A．persuade B．agree C．allow D．tell
41．A．filled B．struck C．caught D．attracted
42．A．chances B．conditions C．wishes D．ways
43．A．progresses B．goes C．changes D．improves
44．A．study B．1ife C．society D．nature
45．A．supplied B．connected C．fixed D．faced
46．A．available B．desirable C．considerable D．enjoyable
47．A．turned B．transferred C．paid D．drawn
48．A．gives way to B．gives rise to C．gets through to D．gets close to
49．A．remarks B．sayings C．slogans D．comments
50．A．behavior B．action C．choice D．attitude
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Zoe Chambers was a successful PR(Public Relations) consultant and life was going well — she had a great job, beautiful flat and a busy social life in London. Then one evening in June last year, she received a text message telling her she was out of work. “The first two weeks were the most difficult to live through.” she said. “After everything I’d done for the company, they dismissed me by text! I was so angry and I just didn’t feel like looking for another job. I hate everything about the city and my life.”
Then, Zoe received an invitation from an old school friend, Kathy, to come and stay. Kathy and her husband, Huw, had just bought a farm in north-west Wales. Zoe jumped at the chance to spend a weekend away from London, and now, ten months later she is still on the farm.
"The moment I arrived at Kathy's farm, I loved it and I knew I wanted to stay." said Zoe. "Everything about my past life suddenly seemed meaningless."
Zoe has been working on the farm since October of last year and says she has no regrets. "It's a hard life, physically very tiring." she says. "In London 1 was stressed and often mentally exhausted. But this is a good, healthy tiredness. Here, all I need to put me in a good mood is a hot bath and one of Kathy's wonderful dinners."
Zoe says she has never felt bored on the farm. Every day brings a new experience. Kathy has been teaching her how to ride a horse and she has learnt to drive a tractor. Since Christmas, she has been helping with the lambing — watching a lamb being born is unbelievable, she says, "It's one of the most moving experiences I've ever had. I could never go back to city life now."
1.When working as a PR consultant in London, Zoe thought she lived a ______life.
A．satisfying B．tough C．meaningless D．boring
2.The most important reason why Zoe went to visit Kathy's farm is that______.
A．Zoe lost her job as a PR consultant
B．Kathy persuaded her to do so
C．Zoe got tired of the city life
D．Zoe loved Wales more than London
3.How docs Zoe feel about the country life according to the passage?
A．Tiresome and troublesome.
B．Romantic and peaceful
C．Mentally exhausting but healthy
D．Physically tiring but rewarding.
4.Which of the following is closest to the main idea of the passage?
A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．A misfortune may turn out a blessing.
D．Kill two birds with one stone.
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