A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.
Researchers from the University of Yale based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanomas (黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.
Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence (发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.
But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.
The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles (雀斑), for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.
The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.
【小题1】The underlined word “flaws” in the 2^nd paragraph most probably means           .
      

A．seldom use sunscreen

B．are more in danger of skin cancer

C．can be free from the harm of the sun

D．often expose themselves to the sun

A．sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B．the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C．the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D．the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

A．Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer
B．Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer	C．Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen	D．Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “ You should have goals(目标） like climbing the mountain.” Without the mountain- climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from the mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience.
Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging(挑战) for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the bird’s singing. But as time passed, I got a pain （痛）in both of my legs. I wanted to give up climbing, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before reaching the top. Only there can you see all of the nice things, which is just like your life.”
At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got to know the meaning of hope in life. I found myself standing at the top of the mountain, and the sky was as clear as crystal.
【小题1】According to the passage, which advantage that the writer got from climbing the mountain with his father isn’t mentioned?

Whenever the sun dropped and the blue sky came up, my father and I used to climb the mountain near my house. Walking together, my father and I used to have a lot of conversations through which I learned lessons from his experiences. He always told me, “ You should have goals(目标） like climbing the mountain.” Without the mountain- climbing that we both enjoyed, we couldn’t have enough time to spend together because my father was very busy. I really got a lot from the mountain-climbing. It gave me time to talk with my father and to be in deep thought as well as develop my patience.

Once we climbed a very high mountain. It was so challenging(挑战) for me because I was only ten years old. During the first few hours of climbing, I enjoyed the flowers and trees, and the bird’s singing. But as time passed, I got a pain （痛）in both of my legs. I wanted to give up climbing, but my father said to me, “You can always see a beautiful sky at the top of the mountain, but you can’t see it before reaching the top. Only there can you see all of the nice things, which is just like your life.”

At that time, I was too young to understand his words. But later after that, I got to know the meaning of hope in life. I found myself standing at the top of the mountain, and the sky was as clear as crystal.

1.According to the passage, which advantage that the writer got from climbing the mountain with his father isn’t mentioned?

2.The underlined word “crystal” in the passage means _______.

3.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined words in the second paragraph?

4.We can infer(推断) from the last paragraph that _______.

5.The best title for this passage is ________.

Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus（校园）of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem – how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus’s six buildings comfortable.

Some parts of most modern buildings – theaters and offices as well as classrooms, are more sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air – conditioned（使用空调的）even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing（再分配）it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University’s system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.

Along the way, Pittsburgh has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat that female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces. We may conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard working overweight male genius（天才）.

1．What is the characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh?

       A．They collect body heat to control the temperature inside.

       B．They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.

       C．They use the light bulbs to heat the classroom.

       D．They use less fuel to keep the classroom cool.

2．According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used         .

       A．to find the producers of heat

       B．to provide heat for the hot water system

       C．to make the campus more beautiful

       D．to collect heat and reuse it

3．The underlined phrase “the hottest prospect” in this passage refers to         .

       A．the person who suffers most from heat

       B．the person who needs more heat that others

       C．the person who gives off most heat

       D．the person who makes better use of heat

4．Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?

      A．Recovery of Body Heat

       B．Modern Building’s Heat System

       C．Body Heat and Its Producers

       D．Ways of Heating Building

I am an e-mail user. When I first started to use the e-mail system I used to read all my e-mail. I didn’t have much mail. I was very excited about receiving any e-mail. I gave my friends my e-mail address. Soon I had more mail than I wanted. Some of the mail was junk mail. I was worried. I didn’t want my mail to control me.

I’ve tried some methods to help me get control of my mail. First, I check my mail at the same time every day. Also I try to allow myself only 15-20 minutes every day to process my e-mail. This doesn’t always work, but I try. Sometimes I save the messages. Sometimes I just read them, maybe answer a few, and then delete them.

Sometimes I’m not at all interested in a message, so I don’t even open it. I delete it right away. This is very much the way I go through the mail that the postal service delivers to my home.

These methods are very simple. I have some friends who are very clever with computers. From time to time, they teach me new tricks for managing my e-mail. I’ve also learned to transfer some messages to a disk so they don’t fill up my mail files. Then I can read them later and maybe use them in my work. I’m still amazed at what e-mail can do for me! I’m still worried, however, about having too much to read.

1.Which is the best title for this passage?

A．How I Go through my E-mail           B．How I Manage my E-mail

C．How I Transfer my E-mail          D．How I Use my E-mail System

2.What does the writer suggest by “This is very much the way I go through the mail that the postal service delivers to my home.”

A．That he deals with the mail delivered by the post service almost in the same way.

B．That he receives more postal mail than e-mail.

C．That he likes e-mail much better than the mail delivered by the post service.

D．That he likes going through the mail delivered by the post service.

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A．Sometimes the writer checks his mail in the morning and sometimes in the evening.

B．The writer teaches his friends how to manage their e-mail.

C．The writer always spends less than 15 minutes processing his e-mail.

D．After giving his friends his e-mail address the writer had more e-mail than he wanted.

4.In the first paragraph, the underlined phrase “junk mail” probably means       .

A．常规邮件   B．病毒邮件  C．垃圾邮件   D．商务邮件

5.In the last paragraph, the underlined word “transfer” probably means       .

A．转换       B．改变      C．传递       D．转移