When I was a kid, I used to spend hours listening to Adam Carolla and Dr. Drew Pinsky on their Sunday night radio show Loveline. I listened so often that I began to use one of their well-known phrases—“good times”—in my daily conversations. Scientists have a name for this phenomenon: behavioral mimicry.

You’ve probably experienced this before: after spending enough time with another person, you might start to pick up on his or her behavior or speech habits. You might even start to develop your friend’s habits without realizing it. There is a large body of literature concerning this sort of phenomenon, and it regularly happens for everything from body postures to accents to drink patterns. For example, one study found that young adults were more likely to drink their drink directly after their same-sex drinking partners, than for the two individuals to drink at their own paces.

And the effect isn’t limited to real-life face-to-face activities. Another study found that the same you-drink-then-I-drink pattern held even when watching a movie! In other words, people were more likely to take a drink of their drinks in a theater after watching the actors on the screen enjoy a drink. At least I don’t feel so strange anymore, having picked up on Adam Carolla’s “good times”.

New research published today in the journal PLOS ONE indicates that the same sort of behavioral mimicry is responsible for social eating, at least among university-age women of normal weight. That’s right: the young women were more likely to adjust their eating according to the eating pace of their same-sex dining companion.

As with most experiments, these results raise a whole new set of questions. Still, the finding that behavioral mimicry may at least partly account for eating behavior is important, and has real effects on health. The researchers note that “as long as people don’t fully recognize such important influences on intake, it will be difficult to make healthy food choices and keep a healthy diet, especially when people are exposed to the eating behavior of others”.

1.The author takes his own example of using “good times” to _________.

A. express his love for radio shows

B. prove the popularity of the show

C. show the influence of the hosts’ words

D. introduce the topic of the passage

2.The underlined word “mimicry” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________.

A. copying

B. adjusting

C. recognition

D. observation

3.Which of the following is NOT an example of behavioral mimicry?

A. A boy eats his popcorn after watching the actor eat.

B. A boy buys a Nike shirt when he finds his desk-mate has one.

C. A girl unconsciously sits straight just as others do.

D. A girl takes on the Yorkshire accent after a month’s stay.

4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _________.

A. behavioral mimicry is beneficial to our health

B. behavioral mimicry decides our eating behavior

C. there are doubts on the research results

D. there are people always exposed to bad eating habits

5.What is probably the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A. To draw readers’ attention to popular radio shows.

B. To introduce behavioral mimicry and its influence.

C. To appeal to readers not to fall into others’ habits.

D. To advocate healthy food choices among readers.

I want to talk about the economy．Not "the economy" we hear about endlessly in the news each day and in politicians' speeches．I want to talk about the real economy, the one we live in day by day．

Most people aren't particularly interested in "the economy"．"Share prices are flying high; interest rates are soaring;  the Dow Jones Index closed sixty-three points down on 8472．35．" We hear this and subconsciously switch off．

Notice that "the economy" is not the same as the economy, "The economy" is what men in suits play with to make vast personal wealth．The economy is where the rest of us live on a daily basis, earning our living, paying our taxes, and purchasing the necessities of life．

We are supposed to be benefiting from all the advantages of a well-off society．So why do we feel tired and stressed? We have no time for anything other than work, which is ridiculous given the number of labor-saving devices in our lives．Our towns become more and more crowded．We poison our air and seas, and our food is full of chemicals．There's something wrong here．If times were truly good, then you may think we'd all feel optimistic about the future．Yet the majority of us are deeply worried．More than 90 percent of us think we are too concerned about ourselves and not concerned enough about future generations．

The term "economic expansion" suggests something desirable, but expansion simply means spending more money．More spending doesn't mean that life is getting better．We all know it often means the opposite - greed, crime, poverty, pollution．More spending merely feeds our whole economic system, which is based on production and consumption．Unless money keeps circulating,  the economy breaks down．If we don't keep consuming,  the whole system goes into stalemate（僵局）．

How do we break the cycle and make some changes? We need to become far more aware of the results of our actions．We buy clothes that are made in sweat shops by virtual slaves in poor parts of the world．We create mountains of waste．We demand cheap food,  mindless of the fact that it totally lacks taste and is produced using chemicals that poison the land．

The consumption culture makes us unaware of the effect of our own behavior．Our main problem is not that we don't know what to do about it．It is gathering the desire to do it．

1.According to the author, which one belongs to the real economy?

A．The Dow Jones Index．

B．Increases in interest rates

C．Skyrocketing share prices

D．Shopping in a supermarket

2.It can be concluded from Paragraph 4 that        ．

A．people are benefiting from a well-off society

B．the future generation is a big concern for most people

C．people still feel much pressure despite labor-saving devices

D．the majority of people are optimistic about the future

3.What is true about economic expansion?

A．It guarantees a better life for us．

B．It may lead to some social problems．

C．It will stop the circulation of money．

D．It has only brought desirable effects．

4.The author writes the passage mainly to       ．

A．call on us to change our behavior

B．suggest a solution for over-consumption

C．make a distinction between two economies

D．inform us of the effects of economic expansion

We know almost half the world is urban(都市的) now – but what will our world look like in the year 2100?

It took about a million years for the global human population to come up to 1 billion in 1800. In the next 200 years, it came up to 6 billion, and it will take only about 20 more years to add another billion. By 2100, the United Nations estimates that the global population will attain more than 10 billion.

By the end of 2008, slightly less than 50 percent of the global population lived in cities. If economic development proceeds at today’s pace, over the next century or so it is highly likely that 8 billion people will live in urban centers, up from today’s roughly 3.3 billion. Yes, the world will indeed be able to hold so many people. The major reason is urbanization(城市化). There will be many more new cities in the year 2100, and some of today’s large cities will become super cities, including Beijing, Delhi, Mumbai, Sao Paulo, Shanghai and so on. At the same time, recent advances in agriculture, energy, and water technologies suggest that human creations will keep up with population growth. Rural areas will return to an agrarian (农业的)centre to feed the growing cities. Languages will drop from the current 7,000 across the globe to less than a few hundred. English will be the primary language of the world.

As we compress(压缩) people into the urban center, and as we leave behind the rural areas to feed us – will we really live a happy life at that time? We will have to live together in large buildings in cities and save on energy and services delivery cost. There will be few chances for us to get close to nature. We really need to think about the effect of the things we have done and are doing now!

1. The underlined word “attain” in the second paragraph probably has the same meaning as “________”

A. increase      B. gain     C. reach     D. limit

2.  With the development of urbanization, people in 2100 will have to      .

A. stay in urban areas and have no chance to get close to nature

B. develop industry rather than agriculture to create job opportunities

C. live a poor and unhappy life because there will be less energy to use.

D. make more creations in agriculture, energy, and water technologies

3.  What is the author’s attitude towards urbanization?

A. supportive    B. disappointed   C. surprised    D. worried

4.  What is the best title for this passage?

A. Global urbanization in the year 2100

B. The primary language in the future

C. Reasons for the rapid increase of population

D. The development of agriculture in 2100

Why does the rate of heart attacks increase during the World Cup football finals? How can we help an overweight patient to lose weight? They’re just some of the topics covered in a new book by University of Sussex academics, which is helping student doctors to consider the importance of psychology in medical practice.

Psychology for Medicine is the first textbook of its kind, providing medical trainees and new doctors with all the relevant psychological knowledge they need. Previously, students had to refer to many different books for the relevant psychology.

The book, by Sussex psychologists Dr. Sussex Ayers and Dr. Richard de Visser, has been well received by fellow academics and medical doctors and was finished with the help of the students and staff of the Brighton and Sussex Medical School. The students proofread（校对） the chapters, provided ideas for the content and even modeled for the photographs. The book provides a solid grounding in psychological study relevant to medicine, along with practical tips and advice for practice. One student, Simon Hall, drew cartoons for the book.

The study psychology is important for doctors for a number of reasons. Psychological and physical symptoms are highly related. Up to a third of patients will have psychological disorders, while physical causes are usually only found in around 15 per cent of people’s symptoms. In treatment, a lot of the effect drugs can be due to patients believing they will recover rather than the drug itself.

Dr. Ayers says, “The important thing about this book is that it’s applied science --- it shows why psychology is important to medicine and how we should use it. The book’s presentation is really important. It’s not just lots of theory, but full of tips and advice so that students can take what they learn in the classroom and apply it to real-life situations.”

1.The book Psychology for Medicine is mainly written for ________.

2.What is the third paragraph mainly about?

3.According to the text, the book Psychology for Medicine _________.

4.We can infer that the text is a(n) ______.

The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African eco-system. Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great degree the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna（大草原）surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals and live in its habitat.

It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.

Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed（有蹄的）plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.

What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole eco-system.

66. What’s the passage mainly about?

A. Disappearance of African elephants.

B. Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

C. The effect of African elephants’ search for food.

D. The eating habit of African elephants.

67. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” in the first paragraph most probably mean?

A. fixing the time.            B. worsening the situation.

C. Improving the quality.      D. Deciding the conditions.

68. What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A. They result from the destruction of rain forests.

B. They provide food mainly for African elephants.

C. They are home to many endangered animals.

D. They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

69. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. The African elephant has become extinct.

B. African elephants have 300 pounds of plants every day, including small trees and under-bushes.

C. The African elephant is in a way the builder of the environment like other land animals.

D. If the African elephant disappears, the whole eco-system won’t be affected.

70. The passage is developed mainly by _________.

A. presenting figures                       

 B. pointing out similarities and differences

C. describing the changes in the order of space      

 D. giving examples