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The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives – almost entirely for the better. But there’s a byproduct to that growth, one that’s evident – or sometimes less than evident – in the smoggy, smelly skies above cities like Beijing, New Delhi and Jakarta. Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it’s taking a major toll (伤亡人数，代价) on global health.
How big? According to a new analysis published in the Lancet, more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010, the largest number on record. That’s up from 800,000 in 2000. And it’s a regional problem: 65% of those deaths occurred in Asia, where the air is choked by diesel soot (内燃发动机烟雾) from cars and trucks, as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction. In East Asia and China, 1.2 million people died, as well as another 712,000 in South Asia, including India. For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world’s top – 10 list of killers, and it’s moving up the ranks faster than any other factor.
So how can air pollution be so damaging? It is the very finest soot – so small that it roots deep within the lungs and then enters the bloodstream – that contributes to most of the public – health toll of air pollution including death. Diesel soot, which can also cause cancer, is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas. It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers. Fro example, 1 in 6 people in the U.S. live near a diesel – pollution hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway.
We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non – deadly diseases. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters (催化式排气净化器) that reduce automobile emissions. Govemments are also pushing to make air cleaner – see the White House’s move last week to further tighten soot standards. It’s not perfect, but we’ve had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change.
Will developing nations like India eventually catch up? Hopefully – though the problem may get worse before it gets better. The good news is that it doesn’t take a major technological advance to improve urban air. Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded (无铅燃油) helps, as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants. Power plants – even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal – can be fitted with pollution – control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants.
But the best solutions may involve urban design. In the Guardian, John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people, far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in car ownership as residents become wealthier – and that doesn’t have to mean deadly air pollution. Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations, which is exactly what happened in the West. We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher.
1.What tends to give rise to the highest death toll according to the passage?
A．The lack of tight environmental protection standards.
B．The increasing numbers of the diesel cars and trucks.
C．The frighteningly high death rate from deadly cancer.
D．The world’s serious air pollution such as soot and dust.
2.The “byproduct” (Paragraph 1) most probably refers to .
A．consequence B．solution C．reform D．design
3.The basic reason why so many people die from air pollution is that .
A．the diesel soot is too small to be seen
B．the diesel soot is much too poisonous to breathe
C．the diesel soot roots in lungs and gets into blood
D．the diesel soot can also contribute to deadly cancer
4.According to the passage, the writer actually wants to convince the readers that .
A．the global economic growth is mainly to blame for air pollution and climate change
B．the developing countries are repeating the same mistakes as the developed ones made
C．the ecological situation and air pollution in India are becoming worse and worse
D．the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major killer throughout the world
5.By describing urban design as “the best solution” in the last paragraph, the writer means that .
A．the making of tougher environmental regulations alone is of little use
B．more sever regulations should be made to handle air pollution
C．the urban construction in western developed countries is the best choice
D．the pace of development has to be slowed down to reduce air pollution
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The economic growth that many nations in Asia and increasingly Africa have experienced over the past couple of decades has transformed hundreds of millions of lives – almost entirely for the better. But there’s a byproduct to that growth, one that’s evident – or sometimes less than evident – in the smoggy, smelly skies above cities like Beijing, New Delhi and Jakarta. Thanks to new cars and power plants, air pollution is bad and getting worse in much of the world, and it’s taking a major toll (伤亡人数，代价) on global health.
How big? According to a new analysis published in the Lancet, more than 3.2 million people suffered deaths from air pollution in 2010, the largest number on record. That’s up from 800,000 in 2000. And it’s a regional problem: 65% of those deaths occurred in Asia, where the air is choked by diesel soot (内燃发动机烟雾) from cars and trucks, as well as the song from power plants and the dust from endless urban construction. In East Asia and China, 1.2 million people died, as well as another 712,000 in South Asia, including India. For the first time ever, air pollution is on the world’s top – 10 list of killers, and it’s moving up the ranks faster than any other factor.
So how can air pollution be so damaging? It is the very finest soot – so small that it roots deep within the lungs and from the enters the bloodstream – that contributes to most of the public – health toll of air pollution including death. Diesel soot, which can also cause cancer, is a major problem because it is concentrated in cities along transportation zones affecting overpopulated areas. It is thought to contribute to half the deaths from air pollution in urban centers. Fro example, 1 in 6 people in the U.S. live near a diesel – pollution hot spot like a rail yard, port terminal or freeway.
We also know that air pollution may be linked to other non – deadly diseases. Fortunately in the U.S. and other developed nations, urban air is for the most part cleaner than it was 30 or 40 years ago, thanks to regulations and new technologies like the catalytic converters (催化式排气净化器) that reduce automobile emissions. Govemments are also pushing to make air cleaner – see the White House’s move last week to further tighten soot standards. It’s not perfect, but we’ve had much more success dealing with air pollution than climate change.
Will developing nations like India eventually catch up? Hopefully – though the problem may get worse before it gets better. The good news is that it doesn’t take a major technological advance to improve urban air. Switching from diesel fuel to unleaded (无铅燃油) helps, as do newer and cleaner cars which are less likely to send out pollutants. Power plants – even ones that burn mineral fuels like coal – can be fitted with pollution – control equipment that, at a price, will greatly reduce smog and other pollutants.
But the best solutions may involve urban design. In the Guardian, John Vidal notes that Delhi now has 200 cars per 1,000 people, far more than much richer Asian cities like Hong Kong and Singapore. Developing cities will almost certainly see an increase in care ownership as residents become wealthier – and that doesn’t have to mean deadly air pollution. Higher incomes should also lead to tougher environmental regulations, witch is exactly what happened in the West. We can only hope it happens before the death toll from bad air gets even higher.
46．What tends to give rise to the highest death toll according to the passage?
A．The lack of tight environmental protection standards.
B．The increasing numbers of the diesel cars and trucks.
C．The frighteningly high death rate from deadly cancer.
D．The world’s serious air pollution such as soot and dust.
47．The “byproduct” (Paragraph 1) most probably refers to .
A．consequence B．solution C．reform D．design
48．The basic reason why so many people die from air pollution is that .
A．the diesel soot is too small to be seen
B．the diesel soot is much too poisonous to breathe
C．the diesel soot roots in lungs and gets into blood
D．the diesel soot can also contribute to deadly cancer
49．According to the passage, the writer actually wants to convince the readers that .
A．the global economic growth is mainly to blame for air pollution and climate change
B．the developing countries are repeating the same mistakes as the developed ones made
C．the ecological situation and air pollution in India are becoming worse and worse
D．the unbeatable air is increasingly becoming a major killer throughout the world
50．By describing urban design as “the best solution” in the last paragraph, the writer means that .
A．the making of tougher environmental regulations alone is of little use
B．more sever regulations should be made to handle air pollution
C．the urban construction in western developed countries is the best choice
D．the pace of development has to be slowed down to reduce air pollution
查看习题详情和答案>>阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，将其相应字母填在答题卡上。
those who give. 28 , he hoped to have more chance to 29 in his life, I was starting to 30 being with him!
Arriving at my destination, I paid him, giving a generous tip. I also pulled out an extra $20 and said, “Sir, I share the same 31 of giving with you. Here’s the extra money for you. 32 it, since you’ve already 33 $70 from JFK. But, if you want to experience the 34 of giving, give it to the next 35 .”
For a moment I thought I was so 36 ! But the driver 37 me by saying, “Sir, I have a 38 idea. You give that $20 to a homeless person and I will serve the next rider for free.”
It was an honor meeting the driver and learning the lesson of 39 everyone is able to give and surprise 40 with their generosity.
21．A．taken up B．picked up C．sent up D．put up
22．A．serious B．cruel C．horrible D．strict
23．A．ride B．flight C．way D．distance
24．A．free B．calm C．busy D．silent
25．A．with B．without C．for D．to
26．A．delight B．worry C．unhappiness D．surprise
27．A．saying B．writing C．telling D．speaking
28．A．Otherwise B．However C．Besides D．Therefore
29．A．give B．share C．take D．forgive
30．A．mind B．regret C．enjoy D．hate
31．A．idea B．action C．practice D．story
32．A．Forget B．Keep C．Put D．Pay
33．A．given B．got C．lost D．gained
34．A．force B．energy C．strength D．power
35．A．passenger B．conductor C．stranger D．tourist
36．A．bad B．cool C．silly D．simple
37．A．disappointed B．satisfied C．surprised D．encouraged
38．A．better B．further C．worse D．newer
39．A．what B．when C．which D．how
40．A．another B．one C．other D．some
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阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白
处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One cold evening, I was waiting outdide for a taxi in New York city. Later, I was 1by a man in his thirties. Obviously, he was angry, complaining
how 2New Yorks were. I knew my 3would only be about 10 minutes and a part of me wanted to keep 4and just move on, but I also wanted to try and connect.
I asked him why. He told me he had just come from JFK airport 5a custmer, which means $70 in lost fare(车费), a fairly big deal. I tried to share his
6. Gradually, he calmed down. He mentioned he had read an article 7that the happiest people are those who give. 8,he hoped to have more chance to
9in his life, I was starting to 10being with him!
Arriving at my destination , I paid him, giving a generous tip. I alsopulled out an extra $20 and said, “Sir, I share the same 11of giving with you. Here's an extra little bit. 12it ,since you’re alreday 13$70 from JFK. But, if you want to experience the 14of the gift, give it to the next 15.”
For a monment I thought I was so 16! But the driver 17me by saying, “Sir, I have a 18idea. You give that $20 to a homeless person and I will gift the next rider for free.”
It was an honor meeting the driver and learning the lesson of 19,everyone is able to give and surprise 20with their generisity.
1.A．taken up B．picked up C．sent up D．put up
2.A．serious B．cruel C．horrible D．strict
3.A．ride B．flight C．way D．distance
4.A．free B．calm C．busy D．silent
5.A．with B．without C．for D．to
6.A．delight B．worry C．unhappiness D．surprise
7.A．saying B．writing C．telling D．speaking
8.A．Otherwise B．However C．Besides D．therefore
9.A．give B．share C．take D．forgive
10.A．mind B．regret C．enjoy D．hate
11.A．idea B．action C．practice D．story
12.A．Forget B．Keep C．Put D．Pay
13.A．up B．in C．down D．out
14.A．force B．energy C．strength D．power
15.A．passenger B．conductor C．stranger D．tourist
16.A．bad B．cool C．silly D．simple
17.A．disappointed B．satisfied C．surprised D．encouraged
18.A．better B．further C．worse D．newer
19.A．what B．when C．which D．how
20.A．one B．another C．other D．some
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There are lots of funny stories in my childhood .The first one that 16 my mind is the story of my first camera. It happened 20 years ago . Just when I was ready to go to school , my grandmother 17 me a new camera from the supermarket as a present . Even if my mother wasn’t too happy about what I had 18 , I asked my father if I could take my camera to my 19 so that I could take pictures with my classmates . He agreed and show me how it 20 . It was very easy.
At school I showed it to all my 21 and we took a lot of pictures, 22 they were not too great . The photo with my friends was the worst as I didn’t took Tom’s head ; instead I 23 his sandwich . The boys were interested in my camera , 24 Daniel who said he had a 25 one with a flashlight . He explained to us that the flashlight helped to take pictures in the 26 but I accused(指责)him of being a liar . Like all boys we started fighting . 27 ,our teacher separated us .After explaining to him the reason of the fight , I 28 him not to take my camera away.
When my parents knew what had happened , they weren’t glad . My mother punished me for being 29 . She took the camera in order to 30 further problems , telling me that for a boy like me the camera was not a good 31 to play with.
To make her 32 about the fight , I took a picture with her and Dad with the film left . In a couple of days Dad 33 the films and brought the photos home , saying I wasn’t good at taking pictures at all . I got 34 and argued that we all learnt from our 35 .
1. A．breaks into B．drops into C．turns into D．comes into
2. A．bought B．promised C．lent D．left
3. A．imagined B．received C．expected D．collected
4. A．home B．yard C．school D．garage
5. A．moved B．started C．changed D．worked
6. A．workers B．classmates C．teachers D．students
7. A．but B．so C．for D．and
8. A．brought B．made C．divided D．took
9. A．except B．besides C．including D．instead
10. A．easier B．newer C．worse D．better
11. A．dark B．shade C．sun D．water
12. A．Suddenly B．Finally C．Unluckily D．Surprisingly
13. A．allowed B．advised C．begged D．warned
14. A．brave B．proud C．rude D．weak
15. A．avoid B．solve C．discuss D．face
16. A．role B．game C．joke D．toy
17. A．talk B．know C．forget D．worry
18. A．developed B．lost C．produced D．hid
19. A．angry B．upset C．tired D．bored
20. A．stories B．hobbies C．mistakes D．books
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