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Sports medicine experts have observed for years that athletes such as long distance runners, especially women athletes, often display a lack of iron. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researchers suggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exercise of middle degree showed sings of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62 formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women, affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many women ignore the amount of iron they take in". Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since their monthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their risk by rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women often restrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and are liable to experience a deficiency.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, for unknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestive system. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, a condition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in the second stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules(分子) of blood protein that transport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, and out of breath - and exercise performance is severely compromised.
"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L. Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, and if you wait until that point, you're in trouble."
Beard and other experts say it’s advisable for people to have a yearly blood test. If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by changing your diet and taking iron-rich foods or by taking iron-added pills.
“Select breads and cereals with the words ‘iron-added’ on the label,” writes sports diet expert Nancy Clark. “This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains.” Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can obtain iron from the pan during the cooking process.
64．Which of the following may be the title for the passage?
A．Science, sports and exercise
B．Correct iron deficiency
C．Women, Iron and exercise
D．Women, health and exercise
65．The third paragraph is developed mainly by .
A．organizing the details according to the order of time
B．presenting the result followed by specific causes
C．beginnign with details followed by a general statement
D．making comparisons ad contrasts
66．What does it mean when you are in the third stage of iron defieiency?
A．Nothing serious though you don’t have much iron stored in the body.
B．There is not enough iron to form the molecules of blood protein to transport oxygen.
C．The small blood vessels in your reet are beginnig to leak blood.
D．No iron is ldft in your body and you would be in trouble without urgent measures.
67．What is the writer’s attitude in writing this passage?
A．Defensive. B．Persuasive. C．Supportive. D．Objective.
查看习题详情和答案>>完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分,满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36—55题各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
He was 11 years old and went fishing every chance he got from the dock at his family’s cabin on an island in the middle of a New Hampshire lake. On the day __36__ the bass (鲈鱼) season opened, he and his father were fishing early in the evening, __37__ sunfish with worms. Then he tied on a small lure (鱼饵) and practiced casting. When his pole __38__, he knew something huge was __39__. His father watched __40__ as the boy skilfully worked the fish alongside the dock. Finally, he very carefully lifted the __41__ fish from the water. It was the largest one he had ever seen, __42__ it was a bass. It was 10 P.M.-- two hours before the season opened. The father looked at the fish, then at the boy.
“You’ll have to __43__, son,” he said.
“Dad!” cried the boy.
“There will be other fish,” said his father.
“Not as big as this one,” cried the boy.
__44__ no one had seen them, nor could anyone ever know what time he caught the fish, the boy could __45__ by his father’s firm voice that the decision was __46__. He slowly worked the hook out of the lip of the huge bass and lowered it into __47__. The creature moved its powerful body and __48__. The boy thought that he would never again see such a great fish.
That was 34 years ago. Today, the boy is a successful architect in New York City. And he was __49__. He has never again caught such a magnificent fish as the one he __50__ that night long ago. But he does see __51__ fish again and again every time he comes up against a question of principles. As his father taught him, principles are simple matters of right and wrong. It is only the practice of principles__52__ difficult. Do we __53__ when no one is looking?
We would if we __54__ to put the fish back when we were young. For we would have learned the truth. The decision to do right lives __55__ in our memory. It is a story we will proudly tell our friends and grandchildren.
36．A．until B．when C．after D．before
37．A．providing B．catching C．feeding D．supplying
38．A．bent over B．came up C．turned over D．broke down
39．A．on the other end B．on the other hand C．on one hand D．at the either side
40．A．with anxiety B．in surprise C．with admiration D．for fear
41．A．delighted B．frustrated C．frightened D．exhausted
42．A．and B．but C．however D．yet
43．A．bring it home B．put it aside C．put it back D．pick it up
44．A．Even though B．Now that C．Ever since D．In case
45．A．tell B．say C．speak D．talk
46．A．passed B．changed C．fixed D．refused
47．A．the wide container B．the broad sea
C．the black water D．the small river
48．A．fled B．disappeared C．floated D．swam
49．A．wrong B．right C．satisfactory D．pleased
50．A．landed B．saw C．cast D．threw
51．A．a different B．many big C．even bigger D．the same
52．A．which is B．it is C．that is D．this is
53．A．do wrong B．do right C．do harm D．do good
54．A．were taught B．told C．were let D．ordered
55．A．freshly B．fresh C．clearly D．strongly
查看习题详情和答案>>In Yemen, you always see one type of vehicle on the road: the water truck.They travel mountain roads and cross deserts to bring Yemenis the goods more valuable than oil.It is one that only the rich can afford, with the supply regularly being cut off.Others must rely on scarce rain or charity to fight thirst.
Experts say Yemen is going to be the first country in the world to run out of water.The capital, Sanaa, will run out of drinking water as early as 2025，says a report by the World Bank.
Hannan, an 18yearold from Lahej, said that only the rich could prepare for cuts in supply.“In a good week we’ll have a water supply all week but then the following week there will be water only for a day or two, ” she said.
She and her husband, a factory worker, pay 3,000 riyals (99 yuan) for a week’s supply of water from a touring water truck when the taps run dry.With an income of only 20,000 riyals (660 yuan) a month，this means the family often spend half their money on water.
“There are a lot of people who can’t afford it and they have to rely on their neighbors to help，” she said.
The average person in Yemen survives on onefifth of what the World Health Organization considers to be enough water.
In Taiz, in the south，tap water is available only once every 45 days.In the mountainous Malhan district in the north，women and children climb a 1,500m mountain to collect water from a spring, often in the small hours to avoid long queues.
Yemen is located in Southwest Asia，bordering the Arabian and Red Sea.Yemeni people have lived on scarce water supplies for thousands of years but that problem has been made serious by conflict in the area，the fastgrowing population and the use of water to grow a drug called qat.With one of the world’s highest rates of population growth—3.46 percent, Yemen is the poorest Arab country.
The government is considering desalinating (淡化) seawater，but this would be expensive and it may now be too late.The only other solution is to cut down on farming, but that means importing even more food.
1.The passage aims to________.
A．analyze the reasons why Yemen lacks water
B．suggest some solutions to the water issue in Yemen
C．present how serious the water problem is in Yemen
D．encourage the world to help Yemenis who are suffering from water shortages
2.When Hannan said that only the rich could prepare for cuts in supply，she meant that________.
A．rich people drank more water than the poor
B．rich people could buy water from the water trucks if there was a water supply cut
C．she had a rich neighbor who often helped her during water supply cuts
D．the rich were not affected by water supply cuts
3.Which of the following may be a reason why Yemen is short of water?
A．The country has had no rain for a long time.
B．The population of Yemen is growing fast.
C．The government has failed to reduce farming.
D．People can’t afford the water from government water trucks.
4.The best title for the passage is “________”．
A．Never take water for granted
B．The water truck—the commonest sight in Yemen
C．The first country to run out of water in the world
D．No water for Yemen
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It was getting dark and snow was coming down. Joe was driving home. He’d been unemployed since the factory closed. Most of his friends had left, but he stayed on. After all, he was born here.
Suddenly he saw a lady standing on the side of the road and pulled up. She was worried. No one had stopped to help her. Was he going to hurt her? He looked poor and hungry. Joe knew how she felt and said, “My name is Joe and I’m here to help you.” All she had was a flat tire, but for an old lady, that was bad enough. Joe changed the tire, but he got dirty and his hands were hurt. She wanted to pay Joe and said any amount would have been all right. Joe never thought twice about the money and there were plenty who had given him a hand in the past. He had lived his whole life that way. He told her that if she really wanted to pay him back, the next time she saw someone who needed help, she could give that person the assistance that they needed.
Later the lady went in a dingy-looking restaurant to grab a bite to eat. The cash register was like the telephone of an out-of-work actor----it didn’t ring much. The waitress, who was nearly eight months pregnant, brought a clean towel to her with a sweet smile. The old lady remembered Joe. After the waitress brought the change from a 100-dollar bill, she found the lady gone and something written on a piece of paper, “Someone once helped me out----the way I’m helping you. If you really want to pay me back, don’t let the chain of love end with you.”
That night the waitress gave her sleeping husband a soft kiss and whispered, “Everything’s going to be all right. I love you, Joe.”
What do we know about Joe from this passage?
A. On his way home after work, he helped an old lady.
B. He had worked in a factory in his hometown before.
C. He would move away to fulfill his dream soon.
D. Though he was poor, he didn’t care about money at all.
The saying “she wanted to pay Joe and said any amount would have been all right” in Paragraph 2
suggests that _____.
A. the old lady was very grateful to Joe’s timely aid
B. the old lady was much worried to be hurt by Joe
C. the old lady wanted to show off her fortune to Joe
D. the old lady’s car was very difficult to repair for Joe
Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A. The restaurant was not only light but also clean.
B. The old lady did have a big meal in the small restaurant.
C. The waitress was more than eight months pregnant.
D. The old lady left the remaining money to the waitress.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Acts of luck B.A warm-hearted man
C. The chain of love D.A generous lady
查看习题详情和答案>>I know what you’re thinking : pizza（比萨饼）? For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a. m. if you want to I know lots of women who skip breakfast（不吃早餐）, and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it . Some say they don’t have time. others think they ’re “saving” calories（卡路里）, still others just don’t like breakfast food.
But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight. “Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking , R , D , who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.
Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southem California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers-it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow,” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it…you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
1.The word “leftovers” in Paragraph 1 probably means .
A．food remaining after a meal B．things left undone
C．meals made of vegetables D．pizza topped with fruit
2.What can we infer from the text?
A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry
B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast
C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal
D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.
3.According to the last paragraph, it is important to .
A．eat something for breakfast B．be careful about what you eat
C．heat up food before eating it D．eat calorie-controlled food
4.The text is written mainly for those .
A．who go to work early B．who want to lose weight
C．who stay up late D．who eat before sleep
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