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There seems never to have been a civilization(文明) without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys play with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. It is the universality of toys about their development in all parts of the world and their continuing to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to (服从于) technological progress that characterizes inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of advancement. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of materials then ready for use.
1．The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that _____.
[ ]
A．their social roles are strictly determined
B．most boys would like to follow their father's jobs
C．boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers
D．they like challenging activities
2．“The universality of toys”lies in the fact that _____.
[ ]
A．technological advances have greatly improved the making of toys
B．the improvement of techniques in making toys depends on the efforts of universities
C．the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys
D．the basic characteristics of toys are the same world over
3．Regarded as a kind of art form，toys _____.
[ ]
A．follow a direct line of development
B．also greatly interest adults
C．are not characterized by progress in technology
D．show the pace of social progress
4．The author used the example of a rattle to show that _____.
[ ]
A．in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials
B．even the simplest toys can show the progress of technology
C．it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making
D．even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time
查看习题详情和答案>>June 8th, 2004
Tian'anmen. Square. Forbidden City. The Ming Tombs. Summer Palace. The Great Wall Peking Duck. Street of Bars.
I feel like I've been run over by a tractor. Beijing has too much history. It's completely overpowering. I think my friend is just as blinded by the pure brightness of China's long past. Oh… the glory of ancient China still exists. I think out of all the places I visited, I like the Great Wall the best. We climbed, and climbed and climbed. Parts of it were basically straight up. We were out of breath all the way up. But it was all worth it. One sight of the length and lasting power of this monument of humankind blew the wind out of me. From our point of vision, the wall was endless; travels as far as the eye could see.
On a totally unrelated topic, people here really like to use umbrellas and spit(not in that order). A great majority of the women here hold these little colored umbrellas--in fear of darkening the skin. I feel so out of place. I'm really brown. My mom calls me a black cat. One thing I can't get used to is people smoking in the restaurants and stores. Smoking is forbidden in most buildings in America unless there is a specified area . The food, however, is unbelievable. Salivating（流口水）became common. I heard the National Entrance Exam ended today or yesterday. I'm still shocked at the idea of having so many exams crowded into two days. Thankfully, we didn't have to go through with it. Instead, we had to deal with the SATs. I had the chance to talk with a few students of my age. I really admire these students. They get the spirit of“patience and perseverance”.
(1) What reminded the author of his brown skin?
[ ]
A．Umbrellas used on the Great Wall.
B．The women on the Great Wall.
C．The steep part of the Great Wall.
D．The author's mother.
(2) What puzzled the author most according to the passage?
[ ]
A．The ancient Chinese buildings.
B．The Great Wall.
C．Chinese food.
D．The way the National Exam held in China.
(3) Which of the following is an unpleasant experience during the writer's visit in China?
[ ]
A．Climbing the Great Wall.
B．Eating Chinese food.
C．Smoking is not forbidden in some public places.
D．So many students took part in the National Exam.
(4) What's the writer's attitude towards the Chinese students?
[ ]
Do you suppose Darwin, one of the greatest scientists of all time, really did fools experiments? Or did he do experiments that were so simple and basic that other people just thought they were foolish?
Sometimes, people think they already know the answer to a question or the solution (解决办法) to a problem. Sometimes, they really do know an answer or a solution, but without thinking they are important.
Charles Darwin didn’t settle for (满足于) just thinking he knew something. And, he believed all things could be important however simple they seemed to be.
Suppose you drop sheets of paper that are of exactly the same size and shape. If you drop them at the same time in the same place, they will fall in the same way. Now make one of the sheets of paper into a tight (紧的) little ball and let it drop along with the other sheets. What happens? You have done an experiment that is so simple that you might think it couldn’t be worth anything.
But this simple experiment is important. It explains part of our present-day understandings of physics, ideas that were worked out long ago by Galileo and Newton. And these understandings set aside some of ancient Greek physics.
Scientist sometimes stops to look at very simple things and to think very hard about them. Even the simplest idea, which we might think is foolish, can shake the foundations of science.
1. The passage tells us that Charles Darwin ____.
A. was a great English scientist
B. always liked doing the experiments that others thought difficult
C. thought even the simplest thing was important
D. didn’t get well with others
2. The phrase “set aside” most probably means____ .
A. throw away B. store up
C. put to use D. realize
3. The author of the passage tries to ________.
A. convince us that Charles Darwin, Galileo and Newton are the greatest scientists in the world
B. draw the conclusion that basic sciences are simple things
C. prove that two sheets of paper, with the same size and shape, will fall at the same speed
D. draw our attention to everyday happenings around us
4Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Darwin really did fools experiments.
B. According to some people Darwin did foolish experiments.
C. It is believed by all the people that things could be important though they seemed to be simple.
D. Galileo and Newton worked out ancient Greek physics.
查看习题详情和答案>>Today, we complete our story about the influential English writer William Shakespeare. He wrote plays and poems during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which remain very popular today.
During earlier times, people would probably have learned several ancient Roman and Greek plays. It was not unusual for writers to produce more current versions of these works. For example, in Shakespeare's play "The Comedy of Errors"（《错误的喜剧》）Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus. For his play "Macbeth"（《麦克白》）, Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information. Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers, but the intensity（强度）of his imagination and language made the plays his own. While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten, Shakespeare and his art live on.
Shakespeare was also influenced by the world around him. He described the sights and sounds of London in his plays. His works include observations about political struggles, the fear of diseases, and the popular language of the city’s tradesmen. Shakespeare's knowledge of the English countryside is also clear. His works include descriptions of deep forests, local flowers, and the ancient popular traditions of rural people.
It would be impossible to list all of the ways in which Shakespeare’s works have influenced the world culture. But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language. During his time, the English language was changing. Many new words from other languages were being added. Shakespeare used his sharp mind and poetic inventiveness to create hundreds of new words and rework old ones. For example, he created the noun forms of "critic", "mountaineer” and "eyeball". Many common expressions in English come from his plays, including "pomp and circumstance（装腔作势）"from "Othello"（《奥赛罗》）, "full circle（绕圈子地）" from "King Lear"（《李尔王》）, etc. The list of cultural creations influenced by Shakespeare is almost endless. From paintings to television to music and dance, Shakespeare was well represented. Shakespeare's plays have been translated into every major language in the world.
Shakespeare became a well-known writer during a golden age of theater. His years of hard work paid off.
1.What can we infer from the passage？
A. Many of Shakespeare's works were influenced by earlier writings.
B. Shakespeare was hardworking when he was a student.
C. The experience of living in London helped a lot with Shakespeare's works.
D. Shakespeare became rich later because of the popularity of his works.
2.Shakespeare might have learnt some information from ancient Roman works in .
A."King Lear" B."The Comedy of Errors" C. "Macbeth" D."Othello"
3.Shakespeare's greatest influence should be on .
A. the English language B. paintings C. television D. music and dance
4.The passage is mainly about .
A. an introduction to Shakespeare’s life and his works
B. the main features and styles of Shakespeare's plays
C. how culture influenced Shakespeare and he influenced culture.
D. Shakespeare’s greatest influence on the world culture.
查看习题详情和答案>>
Today, we complete our story about the influential English writer William Shakespeare. He wrote plays and poems during the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, which remain very popular today.
During earlier times, people would probably have learned several ancient Roman and Greek plays. It was not unusual for writers to produce more current versions of these works. For example, in Shakespeare's play "The Comedy of Errors" Shakespeare borrowed certain details from the ancient Roman writer Plautus. For his play "Macbeth", Shakespeare most likely used a work on Scottish history by Raphael Holinshed for information. Shakespeare might have borrowed from other writers, but the intensity（强度）of his imagination and language made the plays his own. While many plays by other writers of his time have been forgotten, Shakespeare and his art live on.
Shakespeare was also influenced by the world around him. He described the sights and sounds of London in his plays. His works include observations about political struggles, the fear of diseases, and the popular language of the city’s tradesmen. Shakespeare's knowledge of the English countryside is also clear. His works include descriptions of deep forests, local flowers, and the ancient popular traditions of rural people.
It would be impossible to list all of the ways in which Shakespeare’s works have influenced the world culture. But the first and greatest example would be his great influence on the English language. During his time, the English language was changing. Many new words from other languages were being added. Shakespeare used his sharp mind and poetic inventiveness to create hundreds of new words and rework old ones. For example, he created the noun forms of "critic", "mountaineer” and "eyeball". Many common expressions in English come from his plays, including "pomp and circumstance（装腔作势）"from "Othello", "full circle（绕圈子地）" from "King Lear", etc. The list of cultural creations influenced by Shakespeare is almost endless. From paintings to television to music and dance, Shakespeare was well represented. Shakespeare's plays have been translated into every major language in the world.
Shakespeare became a well??known writer during a golden age of theater. His years of hard work paid off.
What can we infer from the passage？
A.Many of Shakespeare's works were influenced by earlier writings.
B.Shakespeare was hard??working when he was a student.
C.The experience of living in London helped a lot with Shakespeare's works.
D.Shakespeare became rich later because of the popularity of his works.
Shakespeare might have learnt some information from ancient Roman works in .
A."King Lear" B."The Comedy of Errors" C. "Macbeth" D."Othello"
Why could Shakespeare's works survive his time？
A.Because there were so few people writing plays in his time.
B.Because he produced too many works that nobody else could do.
C.Because he was a rich and influential person of his time.
D.Because his works were rich in imagination and language.
Shakespeare's greatest influence should be on .
A.the English language B.paintings C.television D.music and dance
The passage is mainly about .
A.an introduction to Shakespeare’s life and his works
B.the main features and styles of Shakespeare's plays
C.how culture influenced Shakespeare and he influenced culture.
D.Shakespeare’s greatest influence on the world culture.
查看习题详情和答案>>