In a time of low academic achievement by children in the United States，many Americans are turning to Japan，a country of high academic achievement and economic success，for possible answers.However，the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find.In most Japanese preschools，surprisingly little stress is put on academic instruction.In one investigation(调查)，300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers，child development specialists，and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education.Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents(答问卷者) listed “to give children a good start academically” as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.On the contrary，over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices.To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond，Japanese schools do not teach reading，writing，and mathematics，but rather skills such as persistence(毅力)，concentration，and the ability to function as a member of a group.The vast majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

In the recent comparison of Japanese and American preschool education，91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools.Sixty­two percent of the more individually oriented(强调个性发展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices.A stress on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into primary school education.

Like in America，there is diversity(多样性) in Japanese early childhood education.Some Japanese kindergartens have clear aims，such as early musical training or potential development.In large cities，some kindergartens are attached to universities that have primary and middle schools.Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university­based program，it will increase the children's chances of eventually being admitted to top­rated schools and universities.Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing(智力化) in some Japanese kindergartens.

22．We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________．

A．Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents

B．Japan's economic success is the result of its scientific achievements

C．Japanese preschool education attaches greater importance to academic instruction

D．Japan's higher education is better than theirs

23．In Japan's preschool education，the focus is on ________．

A．preparing children academically

B．developing children's interests in music

C．discovering children's potential

D．shaping children's character

24．Free play has been introduced in some Japanese kindergartens in order to ________．

A．lighten children's study load

B．encourage children's creativity

C．broaden children's views

D．enrich children's knowledge

25．Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university­based kindergartens?

A．They can have no problems in their future studies.

B．They can have clear aims in life.

C．They can succeed in developing in every way.

D．They can have better chances of getting a first­rate education.

Career education is instruction intended to help young people identify, choose, and prepare for a career. Such instruction may focus on a person's role in work, leisure, or family life. Career education differs from vocational education, which is designed to teach specific occupational skills.
Career education includes the formal and informal learning that occurs in the family, in the community, and in schools. In schools, career education consists of instructive activities included in many courses. These activities are designed to improve the attitudes, knowledge, and skills important for work roles. Career education helps students develop self- understanding and use it to plan their education and working life.
A complete career education program in school begins in kindergarten and continues at least through high school. Many colleges and universities also offer career education through their counseling (咨询) programs. In kindergartens and elementary schools, youngsters learn about different types of work. In middle schools or junior high school, children begin to explore the occupations and leisure activities that interest them most. In high school, students get more specific information about occupations and life styles. They may be in classroom, small group, or individual sessions where they learn how to make career decisions. They also should obtain the skills they need for further study or for a job after graduation. Counselors provide information on such matters as how to locate and apply for jobs and how to be successful in interviews. Teachers and counselors use a variety of methods to provide career education, including films about occupations or industries. Children may invite parents or other adults to come to school and describe their jobs. A student may accompany a worker on the job. Cooperative education combines classroom study with practical work experience.
【小题1】 According to the passage, which statement is true? (   )

A．Career education is carried out in primary schools only.

B．Career education is carried out in middle schools only.

C．Career education is carried out in colleges only.

D．Career education is carried out in the whole process of people's education - from kindergarten to university.

阅读下列材料，从所给的六个选项（A、B、C、D、E和F）中，选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项。选项中一项是多余选项。

以下是乐于提供帮助的人员的信息介绍，请匹配与他们所对应的帮助对象。

1．Stephen:  Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy volunteer．When I began to discover what other people's lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading．

2．Ben:  After graduation, I don't want to apply for a job at once．Instead, I plan to spare one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives．You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I'll get valuable experience for my future career．

3．Susan:  I'm a girl from England and have studied French for years．I'm here in Fudan University studying Chinese．I like China as it is full of mysteries．So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China．Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends．

4．Tim:  Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people's problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice．I'm working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others．

5．Lisa:  I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV program．What a sight．They are only bone and skin left．What's worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food．I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education．The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them．

以下是请求帮助者的资料：

A．As we know, the 2010 World Expo will be held in Shanghai and many people from other countries will come to visit China．The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages．They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy．

B．Tom is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before．Now he often misses school in order to play games, thus telling lies to his teachers and parents again and again．Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can't stop it．How badly he needs someone's help．

C．Mane, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn't know which bus to take．What's worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list．Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants．

D．"Helping hand" organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa．The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours．In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children．

E．"Green Earth" cares a lot for the animals in danger．Still many people in the world don't know much about the importance of animal protecting．This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth．

F． A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers． Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went．The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the  children's future．