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（2011·江苏卷）A
We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells —but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn’t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean think so. In fact, Mclean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who”invented”what”, however, Mclean also likes her students to learn the answers to the”why” and ”how” questions. According to Mclean,”When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a try.”
So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to Mew York City.The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights ,so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the winshield,she found hersefe wondering why there couldn’t be a buolt-in devic for cleaing the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever(操作杆)on the inside of a vehicle that would contral an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations，It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible, Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
56.By mentionong “traffic light”and “windshield wiper”,the author indicates that countless inventions are .
A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous
B. beneficial,though their inventors are less famous
C.not useful, because their inventors are less famous
D. not useful, though their inventors are famous
57.Professor Joan McLean’s course aims to_____.
A. add colour and variety to students’ campus life
B. inform students of the windshield wiper’s invention
C. carry out the requirements by Mountain University
D. pre[are students to try theie own invention
58．Tommy Lee’s invention of the unbreakable umbrella was _________.
A. not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer
B. inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper
C. due to his dream of being caught in a rainstorm
D. not related to Professor Joan McLean’s lectures
59. Which 0f the following can best serve as the title of this passage?
A How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers?
B How to Design a Built-in Dervice for Cleaning the Window?
C Shouldn’t We Know Who Inventd the Windshield Wiper?
D Shouldn’t We Develop Invention Courses in Universities?
查看习题详情和答案>>One Sunday, a particular picture especially touched me. A young woman stood in front of an entirely
shattered mobile home, a depressed expression twisting her features. A young boy, seven or eight years
old, stood at her side, eyes downcast. Clutching (紧握) at her skirt was a tiny girl who stared into the
camera, eyes wide with confusion and fear.
The article that went with the picture gave the clothing sizes of each family member. With growing
interest, I noticed that their sizes closely matched ours. This would be a good opportunity to teach my
children to help those less fortunate than themselves. I taped the picture of the young family to our
refrigerator, explaining their difficulty to my seven-year-old twins, Brad and Brett, and to three- year-old Meghan.
" We have so much. And these poor people now have nothing," I said."We'll share what we have with
them."
I brought three large boxes down from the room upstairs and placed them on the living room floor.
Meghan watched seriously, as the boys and I filled one of the boxes with canned goods and foods.
While I sorted through our clothes, I encouraged the boys to go through their toys and donate some of
their less favorite things. Meghan watched quietly as the boys piled up discarded toys and games.
"I'll help you find something for the little girl when I'm done with this," I said.
The boys placed the toys they had chosen to donate into one of the boxes while I filled the third box
with clothes. Meghan walked up with Lucy, her worn, faded, much-loved rag doll hugged tightly to her
chest. She paused in front of the box that held the toys, pressed her round little face into Lucy's flat, painted-on-face, gave her a final kiss, then laid her gently on top of the other toys.
"Oh, Honey," I said."You don't have to give Lucy. You love her so much."
Meghan nodded seriously, eyes glistening with held-back tears. '"Lucy makes me happy, Mommy.
Maybe she'll make that other little girl happy, too．"
Swallowing hard, I stared at Meghan for a long moment, wondering how I could teach the boys the
lesson she had just taught me. For I suddenly realized that anyone can give their cast-offs away. True
generosity is giving that which you value most.
Honest benevolence (善行) is a three-year-old offering a valuable, though shabby, doll to a little girl
she doesn't know with the hope that it will bring this child as much pleasure as it brought her. I, who had
wanted to teach, had been taught.
The boys had watched, open-mouthed, as their baby sister placed her favorite doll in the box. Without a word, Brad rose and went to his room. He came back carrying one of his favorite action figures. He
hesitated briefly, clutching the toy, then looked over at Meghan and placed it in the box next to Lucy.
A slow smile spread across Brett's face. Then he jumped up, eyes twinkling as he ran to fetch some
of his prized Matchbox cars.
Astonished, I realized that the boys had also recognized what little Meghan's gesture meant.
Swallowing back tears, I pulled all three of them into my arms.
Taking the cue from my little one, I removed my old jacket from the box of clothes. I replaced it with the
new hunter green jacket that I had found on sale last week. I hoped the young woman in the picture would love it as much as I did.
It's easy to give that which we don't want any more, but harder to let go of things we cherish, isn't it?
However, the true spirit of giving is to give with your heart..
B. To appeal to unconcerned people to donate for the poor families.
C. To show the helplessness and hopelessness of the family mentioned in the paper.
D. To stress what touched her and made her decide to help the hopeless family.
B. Meghan's decision inspired them to donate their favorite things.
C. They also wanted to show generosity by giving away their valuable things.
D. Meghan's gesture reminded them to replace their favorite things with new ones.
B. she had trouble persuading Meghan not to give away Lucy
C. she was greatly moved by Meghan's unexpected decision
D. she was uncertain what consequences Meghan's action would bring about
B. true giving means giving others what you treasure most
C. true generosity means helping others at the cost of your own benefit
D. honest benevolence means devoting yourself to the career of donation
B. A Beautiful Heart
C. True Generosity
D. A Precious Gift
When middle-aged Alex quit his job and made up his mind to become a self-employed writer, no one could tell for sure whether he would succeed or not.He found a cold storage room in a building, set up a used typewriter and settled down to work.
After a year or so, however, Alex began to doubt himself.He found it was difficult to earn his living by selling what he wrote.But Alex determined to put his dream to the test—even though it meant living with uncertainty and fear of failure.This is the shadowland(虚幻世界)of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.
One day Alex got a call, “We need an assistant, and we're paying $ 6,000 a year.” $ 6,000 was real money in 1960.It would enable Alex to get a nice apartment, a used car and more.Besides, he could write in his spare time.As the dollars were dancing in Alex's head, something cleared his senses.He had dreamed of being a writer? Full time.“Thanks, but no,” Alex said firmly and swiftly,“I'm going to stick it out and write.”
After Alex got off the phone, he pulled out everything he had: two cans of vegetables and 18 cents.Alex put the cans and cents into a paper bag, saying to himself,“There's everything you've made of yourself so far. I'm not sure I ever felt so low.”
Finally his work was published in 1970.Instantly he had the kind of fame and success that few writers ever experienced. The shadows had turned into focus of attention.
Then one day, Alex found a box filled with things he had owned years before.Inside was a paper bag with two cans and 18 cents. Suddenly he pictured himself working in that cold storage room. It reminds Alex, and anyone with a dream, of the courage and persistence it takes to stay the course in the shadowland.
56．Why did Alex give up his job?
A. Because he didn't like the working conditions.
B. Because he couldn't earn enough to make a living.
C. Because he wanted to be a full-time writer.
D. Because he felt he had no potential in his job.
57．What did Alex express when he answered the call?
A. He refused the job offer.
B. He was willing to give them a hand.
C. He expected them to pay him more money.
D. He would write in his spare time.
58. What kind of person is Alex?
A. Determined. B. Modest. C. Shy. D. Brave.
59. Which of the following can summarize the passage best?
A. Look before you leap.
B. Two heads are better, than one.
C. Hold on to your dream, and it will come true.
D. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
60. Which sentence is true according to the passage?
A. Ales found it was easy to earn his living by selling what he wrote.
B. Ales never double himself.
C. Ales got a job paying more than $6000 for him.
D. Ales want to be a self-employed writer.
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cases happened in Africa, according to the World Health Organization. In fact, most of the deaths
are preventable with basic medical care.
The five leading causes are bleeding, infection, high blood pressure, longtime labor and bad
abortions (流产). Mothers' deaths from such causes were largely reduced nearly a century ago
in developed countries.
Experts say that what kill many women are "the three delays", the woman's delay in deciding
to go to the hospital, the time she loses traveling there and the hospital's delay in starting treatment.
Only about 15 percent of births have dangerous complications(并发症)．
Women lack education and information about birth control. Husbands and inlaws may decide
where a woman gives birth and insist that she stay at home to save money. However, there is no
single solution to a problem with so many factors shortages of doctors, nurses, drugs, equipment,
roads and transportation-though hospital officials are trying many things now.
One stopgap measure to solve the problem for the present has been to train assistant medical
officers, to perform certain operations. Some African countries are now struggling to train more
assistants and midwives(接生婆), and provide places for pregnant women to stay near hospitals.
But there is a long way to go. Only 20 percent of women in the continent give birth at the hospital.
More than 50 percent stay at home to give birth, and the rest go to local clinics that cannot handle
emergencies.
B. High blood pressure.
C. Traveling long distances.
D. Bleeding.
B. temporary
C. effective
D. instant
prevented.
B. Developed countries should help African countries reduce mothers' deaths.
C. The husbands in poor countries should take responsibility for their wives' deaths.
D. The governments of African countries have to take more effective measures to save pregnant women.
childbirth?
B. Negative.
C. Objective.
D. Subjective.
A popular saying goes, “Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me．” However, that’s not really true．Words have the power to build us up or tear us down．It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone’s else or ourselves --- the positive and negative effects are just as lasting．
We all talk to ourselves sometimes．We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it, though．In fact, we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit．
This “self-talk” helps us motivate ourselves, remember things, solve problems, and calm ourselves down．Be aware, though, that as much as 77% of self-talk tends to be negative．So in order to stay positive, we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves．We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back．The next time you finish a project, do well in a test, or finally clean your room, join me in saying “Good job!”
Often, words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have．But we should be aware that our words cause certain responses in others．For example, when returning an item to a store, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange．And the clerk will probably respond in a similar manner．Or harsh（刻薄的）and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive．
Words possess power because of their lasting effect．Many of us regret something we once said．And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking, we should always ask ourselves: Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid．
Words possess power: both positive and negative．Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively．We can offer hope, build self-esteem（自尊）and motivate others to do their best．Negative words destroy all those things．Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours．
The main idea of the first paragraph is that ________．
A．not sticks and stones but words will hurt us
B．inspiring words give us confidence
C．negative words may let us down
D．words have a lasting effect on us
There is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because _______
A．almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves
B．we can benefit from talking to ourselves
C．talking to ourselves always gives us courage
D．it does no harm to have “self-talk” when we are alone
The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely _______ ．
A．praise ourselves B．remind ourselves
C．make ourselves relaxed D．give ourselves amusement
The author would probably hold the view that ___________
A．encouraging words are sure to lead to kind offers
B．negative words may encourage us to make more progress
C．people tend to remember friendly words
D．it is better to think twice before talking to others
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