Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:

·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.

·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.

·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire more attention than parents can or should give.

If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.

Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气). In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.

It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.

Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.

1.The intended readers of this passage are           .

2.By saying "that's a good thing" in Paragraph 1, the author means     .

3.If a 3-year-old boy challenges his parents angrily, according to studies, he may           .

4.In most cases ,the conflicts between parents and their children       .

5.What can be concluded from the passage?

 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

One day when government officials were rebuilding a barn(谷仓), they found a mouse hole in a corner and used smoke to force the mice inside the   1to come out．A while later they   2

saw mice running out,   3．However, just as they were about to start to   4, they saw two more mice get out．The strange thing was that after they came out of the hole, they did not run away   5．Instead, it   6that one was trying to bite the tail of the other．Everyone was

7, so they stepped closer to take a look．They realized that one of the mice was   8and could not see anything, and   9was trying to pull him to escape．

After witnessing what happened, everyone was speechless and   10in thought．During meal time, the group of people sat down   11a circle and started to chat about what happened to the two mice．One serious Rome official said: “I think the relationship between those two mice was   12of emperor and minister．” The others thought for a while and said: “That was  13!” A smart Israeli said: “I think the relationship between those two mice was husband and wife．” Again the others thought for a while, and all felt it made   14; so they expressed   15．A Chinese, who was accustomed to the firm tradition of loyalty to   16, said: “I think the relationship between those two mice was mother and son．” Once again the others thought for a while, and nodded yet another time．At that moment, one   17Samaritan looked at other people, and asked:“Why did those two mice have to have a   18relationship?” Suddenly, the atmosphere   19．

In fact, true love is not established on benefit, friendship and loyalty or blood relationship．

20, it is based on no relationship．

1.A．corner         B．barn             C．hole             D．smoke

2.A．indeed         B．luckily          C．hardly           D．finally

3.A．one after another                      B．by and by       

C．again and again                      D．now and then

4.A．catch up           B．pick up          C．keep up          D．clean up

5.A．suddenly           B．immediately      C．surprisingly     D．naturally

6.A．proved         B．happened         C．came             D．seemed

7.A．excited            B．anxious          C．puzzled          D．shocked

8.A．blind          B．deaf             C．disabled         D．dumb

9.A．one                B．other            C．another          D．the other

10.A．sank              B．lost             C．concentrated     D．fixed

11.A．with              B．for              C．in               D．by

12.A．one               B．that             C．such             D．what

13.A．wrong         B．OK               C．why              D．exactly

14.A．choice            B．sense            C．difference           D．meaning

15.A．agreement     B．disagreement     C．seriousness      D．admiration

16.A．family            B．fathers          C．mothers          D．parents

17.A．pure-minded       B．absent-minded    C．narrow-minded    D．open-minded

18.A．friendly          B．long             C．good             D．certain

19.A．remained          B．froze            C．heated           D．still

20.A．Still         B．However          C．Instead          D．Moreover

Every family with kids has seen its share of arguments, shouting and complaining. It turns out that all those conflicts serve an important purpose in the development of children . Saying “no” followed by a bad temper, just may be an unavoidable part of growing up. And that’s a good thing. These are the first steps toward independence. Even young children have to challenge their parents sometimes. Studies have shown the following:
·Although stressful, conflicts are beneficial for children.
·Learning to manage conflicts is necessary for a child’s development.
·Conflicts during the preschool years occur because children desire more attention than parents can or should give.
If you understand why conflicts occur, it can minimize the conflicts between you and your children. Conflict is a child’s attempt to develop a sense of self and how he or she learns to express his or her needs and ideas. Parents develop and drive this independence by putting children to the outside world both formally and informally.
Conflicts can grow out of a difference of opinion or might just be a way to blow off steam(发脾气). In rare situations, constant conflicts between parents and children can indicate a deeper emotional problem. Consult your doctor if this seems to be your situation.
It’s important to offer your child choices, which should be determined by age and developmental level. The more responsible a child is, the more choices he or she gets in reward. You can threaten your child with punishment, but often offering a choice will better improve angry situations. Consequences and rewards should have some meaning to your child.
Often a child’s adverse(敌对的)reaction when he or she hears the word “no” can be avoided by giving the child an explanation as to why you have refused his or her request.
【小题1】The intended readers of this passage are           .