The fire spread through the hotel very quickly, but everyone __________ get out.

A. had to      B. would       C. could        D. was able to

People who traveled in the past had to put up with many discomforts which we do not have nowadays, and of course they traveled far more slowly. Roads were bad indeed and you often found you could not get along at all because of the mud. In dry weather many places were thick in dust and when it was stormy, trees might fall across the road and it was nobody’s business to clear them away.

Ordinary people traveled on foot or on horseback, but everyone who could afford it kept a private coach. There were public coaches too. called “stage coaches” because long journeys took several days and were done in stages, with stops over night at inns. Some stage, coaches ran only in the summer months. Others all the year around. They were very slow and crowded and passengers often became in on the way because of the swaying (摇晃).

Break downs were frequent, since many roads were not smooth. So a coach might very easily turn right over. Early in the century coach and wagon builders were encouraged to put very wide wheels on their vehicles. So that these might level the roads a little. But many people complained of this since it slowed travel down a good deal.

Most travelers during the 18th century wrote bitterly about the state of the roads. One visitor to Sussex took six hours to travel nine miles in his coach; another wrote to a friend that on time of his journeys “almost every mile was marked by the overturn of a carriage”.

Which of the following mainly prevented people from travelling fast in the past?

A. Falling trees    B. Thick dust

C. Muddy road    D. Many discomforts

The underlined word “them” in the first paragraph refers to _____.

A. the discomforts     B. the blocked roads

C. the dusty places     D. the fallen trees

Public coaches were called “stage-coaches” because ______. 

A. the long journey was broken into several parts

B. they were slow and crowded

C. they stopped for meals at inns

D. they served public people only

The sentence “almost every mile was marked by the overturn of a carriage” suggests that ______.

A. the coaches were of poor quality

B. the writers liked to describe the road bitterly

C. the road condition was really poor

D. travelling about in the past was extremely slow

One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen .Suddenly, he    1. （find）that he had run out of salt. So Nick called to his son,” Go to the Village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much    2.   too little.”

His son looked surprised. ”I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I can pay less,  3.   not save a bit of money?”

“That would be a very    4.  （reason）thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.

Nick’s guests,  5.   had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied,” The only reason a man would sell salt    6.   a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect    7.   the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”

“But such a small thing couldn’t    8.  （possible）destroy a village.”

“In the beginning, there was only    9.   very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little ,always    10.  （think）that it was only small and not very important ,and look where we have ended up today.”

阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分。满分10分）

阅读下面的短文, 并根据短文后的要求答题。（注意问题后的词数要求）

[1] Usually, when your teacher asks a question, there is only one correct answer. But there is one question that has millions of correct answers. That question is “What’s your name?” Everyone gives a different answer, but everyone is correct. Have you ever wondered about people’s names? Where do they come from? What do they mean?

[2] People’s first names, or given names, are chosen by their parents. Sometimes the name of a grandparent or other member of the family is used. Some parents ______________________. A boy could be named George Washington Smith; a girl could be named Helen Keller Jones.

[3] Some people give their children names that mean good things. Clara means “bright”; Beatrice means “one who gives happiness”; Donald means “world ruler”; Leonard means “as brave as a lion”.

[4] The earliest last names, or surnames, were taken from place names. A family with the name Brook or Brooks probably lived near a brook(小溪)；someone who was called Longstreet probably lived on a long, paved road. The Greenwood family lived in or near a leafy forest.

[5] Other early surnames came from people’s occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter — a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter —a person who made pots and pans.

[6] The ancestors of the Baker family probably baked bread for their neighbors in their native village. The Carpenter’s great-great-great-grandfather probably built houses and furniture.

[7] Sometimes people were known for the color of their hair or skin, or their size, or their special abilities. When there were two men who were named John in the same village, the John with the gray hair probably became John Gray. Or the John who was very tall could call himself John Tallman. John Fish was probably an excellent swimmer and John Lightfoot was probably a fast runner or a good dancer.

[8] Some family names were made by adding something to the father’s name. English-speaking people added –s or –son. The Johnsons are descendants of John; the Roberts family’s ancestor was Robert. Irish and Scottish people added Mac or Mc or O. Perhaps all of the MacDonnells and the McDonnells and the O’Donnells are descendants of the same Donnell.

What is the best title of the passage?  （Within 10 words）

Please fill in the blank in the 2nd paragraph with proper words to complete the sentence. 

    （Within 10 words.）

According to the passage, what job did the ancestors of the Potter family most probably do?

                                                                              List two aspects that the surnames cover in the passage.

    1)                         2）                       

Translate the underlined sentence in the 7th paragraph into Chinese.