四．阅读理解：
A
Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyze(分析) their embarrassing errors , he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups .
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her ear-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “ The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer, ” explains the professor, “ People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rings. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme .” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “ programme assembly failures.”
Twenty per cent of all errors were “ test failures ”—primarily due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing . A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept , put them on —much to his surprise . A woman victim reported : “ I got into the bath with my socks on .”
The commonest problem was information “ storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
The research so far suggests that while the “ central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practiced routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “ captured ” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.
1. The purpose of Professor Reason’s research is     .
A. to show the difference between men and women in their reasoning
B. to classify and explain some errors in human actions
C. to find the causes which lead to computer failures
D. to compare computer functions with brain workings .
2. Which of the following might be grouped under “ programme assembly failures ”?
A. A woman went into a shop and forgot what to buy.
B. A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.
C. A lady fell as she was concentrating on each step her feet were taking.
D. An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.
3. The word “ verifying ” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by      .
A. improving    B. changing   C. checking  D. stopping
4. According to the passage, the information “ storage failures ” refer to     .
A. the destruction of information collecting system
B. the elimination of one’s total memory
C. the temporary loss of part of one’s memory
D. the separation of one’s action from consciousness

完型填空 （共20小题每小题1分，总分20分）从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
One sunny afternoon, a seven-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods __16__ she realized that she was lost.
Sitting on a rock and __17__ what to do, she began crying.  After a while. She__18__ to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes. __19__ it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wooden house. She opened the door and __20__ stepped in. Suddenly, she heard a strange noise, and she ran out the door and back to the __21__. Cold and tired, she fell asleep near a __22__.
The girl’s parents were out and her dog, Laddy, was at home. Laddy __23__ that his mistrees（女主人）was in danger. He jumped __24__ a window, breaking the glass. He looked in the fields. But he couldn’t find his mistress anywhere. However, from the ground came a __25__ scent (气味) as he lowered his head. He __26__ the scent and walked across the grassland. Barking __27__ into the air, the dog __28__ through the woods until he found the __29__ . But the girl was not there, so he headed back to the woods. Much to his __30__ ,  he saw his mistress’ blue shirt in the distance. He __31__ over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was __32__.
When she opened her eyes and __33__  her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you __34__    me, Laddy,” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into tears of  __35__. That night Laddy had a hero’s supper: a huge meal of steak

通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
One Saturday afternoon, a six-year-old girl went for a walk. She crossed a large area of grassland into the woods __36__ she realized that she was lost.
Sitting on a rock and __37__ what to do, she began crying. After a while. she__38__ to walk along a wide path lined with tall trees and thick bushes. __39__ it was getting dark, she saw a small, dark wooden house. She opened the door and __40__ stepped in. Suddenly, she heard a strange noise, and she ran out the door and back to the __41__. Cold and tired, she fell asleep near a __42__.
The girl’s parents were out and her dog, Laddy, was at home. Laddy __43__ that his mistress was in danger. He jumped __44__ a window, breaking the glass. He looked in the fields. But he couldn’t find his mistress anywhere. However, from the ground came a __45__ scent (气味) as he lowered his head. He __46__ the scent and walked across the grassland. Barking __47__ into the air, the dog __48__ through the woods until he found the __49__ . But the girl was not there, so he headed back to the woods. Much to his __50__ , he saw his mistress’ blue shirt in the distance. He __51__ over some bushes and saw the little stream, where the girl was __52__.When she opened her eyes and    53   her dog standing beside her, the girl said, “you   54  me, Laddy,” and she kissed him several times. Seeing their daughter and dog coming back, the parents burst into tears of    55   . That night Laddy had a hero’s supper: a huge meal of steak

 Professor Reason recently persuaded 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyze their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups.
One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly.” It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. “But somehow the action got reversed（颠倒）in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”
Twenty percent of all errors were “test failures” — mainly due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on — much to his surprise. A woman reported, “I got into the bath with my socks on.”
The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
The research so far suggests that while the central processor of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practiced routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be gotten by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.
【小题1】The purpose of the professor’s research is to __________.

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Roy wasn't the only one to receive his call-up（入伍）papers．Stephen Napier's call-up came at the beginning of February and he was pleased to find that he would be going into the Royal Air Force (RAF)．

His father was not so pleased and made his feelings known as he and Stephen were on their daily walk. It was the first step in his plans for Stephen to take over the estate（地产）when the time came, and although Stephen was well aware of this, he could think of no reason not to accompany him.

"Thought you'd forgotten that nonsense. Still, I dare say I could pull a few strings to get you to the Army..."

"No, Father! I have told you I want to learn to fly. What chance would I have to do that in the Army? I'd be better off in the Navy——at least they've got the Fleet Air Arm. But I have been put in the RAF and that's where I want to be, so let's leave it at that." His face went red. Sent to his father's school and then to Cambridge, much to his satisfaction, he had never had to defend his own desires and his father was a hard man to oppose.

The father glared at Stephen, "No, I won't leave it at that. I want to know what other ridiculous ideas are in your head. For a start, what's all this about America?"

"America?"

"Yes. All those books I saw in your room the other day. Brochures about emigration（移民）．"

The big, silvered head lowered, like that of a bull about to charge．"Don't trouble to deny it."

"I won't, Father. Some men at Cambridge have been talking about it. They want people like us here, mathematicians and scientists, for all kinds of research——the sort of research I could do．It would be a worthwhile life for me."

The father responded exactly as his son had known he would．"You've got a worthwhile life here！You've got an estate to run！"

"No, Father. You've got an estate to run. I never asked for it. Why not ask Baden to do this stuff? He perhaps can make a good job of it, but I..."

"If he were here, I might think about this silly idea of yours——only think about it, mind you but..."

1.If Father wanted Stephen to take over the estate, the first thing he did would__________．

A .take a walk with Stephen as usual   

B. wait till his son graduated from Cambridge

C. persuade Stephen not to go into RAF  

D. send Stephen to the Army instead of RAF

2.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A . Stephen preferred to go into the Navy rather than the Army.

B. Stephen also received his call-up papers as Roy.

C. The father didn't like Stephen's idea of going to America.

D. Stephen was eventually forced to stay to run the estate．

3. After reading this passage, we can infer that__________．

A. Stephen had never had to defend his desires before

B. Baden might be one of Stephen's family members

C. Stephen wanted to fly in RAF and become a pilot in America

D. if somebody took over the estate, Stephen could realize his dream

4.What do we learn from the underlined sentence?

A. It looked as if the father was angry when mentioning the brochures.

B. The father was very angry and wanted to beat his son Stephen．

C. Stephen was annoyed when his father referred to the brochures.

D. A big red bull was about to charge at Stephen.

5.Which would be the best title for this passage?

A . RAF——a better choice than the Army   B. A talk between Father and Son

C. The dreams of a Cambridge student   D. Conflict between Father and Son