摘要:45.D.主旨大意题.文章的主题是人类正改变着自然界的平衡. B The way people hold to the belief that a fun-filled, pain free life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true: more often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment , self - improvement. Ask a bachelor why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features. Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night’s sleep or a three - day vacation. I don’t know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children. But couples who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild. Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

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阅读下面的文言文,完成下列各题。

孙权,字仲谋。兄策既定诸郡,时权年十五,以为阳羡长。郡察孝廉,州举茂才。(建安)五年,策薨,以事授权,权哭未及息,策长史张昭谓权曰:“孝廉,此宁哭时邪? 且周公立法而伯禽不师①,非欲违父,时不得行也。况今奸宄(奸臣)竞逐,豺狼满道。乃欲哀亲戚,顾礼制,是犹开门而揖盗,未可以为仁也。”乃改易权服,扶令上马,使出巡军。是时,惟有会稽、吴郡、丹杨、豫章、庐陵,然深险之地犹未尽从,而天下英豪布在州郡,宾旅寄寓之士以安危去就为意,未有君臣之固。张昭、周瑜等谓权可与共成大业,故委心而服事焉。曹公表权为讨虏将军,领会稽太守,屯吴,使丞之郡行文书事。待张昭以师傅之礼,而周瑜、程普、吕范等为将率。招延俊秀,聘求名士,鲁肃、诸葛瑾等始为宾客。分部诸将,镇抚山越,讨不从命。

(建安十三年)荆州牧刘表死,鲁肃乞奉命吊表二子,且以观变。肃未到,而曹公已临其境,表子琮举众以降。刘备欲南济江,肃与相见,因传权旨,为陈成败。备进住夏口,使诸葛亮诣权,权遣周瑜、程普等行。是时曹公新得表众,形势甚盛。诸议者皆望风畏惧,多劝权迎之。惟瑜、肃执拒之议,意与权同。瑜、普为左右督,各领万人,与备俱进,遇于赤壁,大破曹公军。公烧其余船引退,士卒饥疫,死者大半。备、瑜等复追至南郡。

十六年,权徙治秣陵。明年,城石头,改秣陵为建业。闻曹公将来侵,作濡须坞②。十八年正月,曹公攻濡须,权与相拒月余。曹公望权军,叹其齐肃,乃退。(《三国志??吴主传》)

注:①周公立法而伯禽不师:周公制定的礼法制度,他的儿子、受封于鲁国的伯禽却没有遵守。按照古人的解释,伯禽在服丧期间,徐戎(周代居住在今徐州一代的少数民族)作乱,伯禽就停止服丧而率兵讨伐,平定了徐戎。      ②濡须坞:修建在濡须口的堡坞,夹濡须水而筑。

对下列句子中加点的词语的解释,不正确的一项是   (    )

A.权哭未及息                  息:停止

B.领会稽太守                  领:兼任

C.公烧其余船引退              引:拉

D.此宁哭时邪                  宁:难道

下列各组句子中,全都直接表现孙权励精图治的一组是(    )

①策薨,以事授权   ②招延俊秀,聘求名士        ③乃改易权服,扶令上马

④公烧其余船引退   ⑤闻曹公将来侵,作濡须坞    ⑥权与相拒月余

A.①②④       B.①③⑥       C.③④⑤       D.②⑤⑥

下列对原文的叙述与分析不正确的一项是(    )       

A.孙权继位之后,任用贤才,优礼士人,用对待师傅之礼事奉张昭、周瑜、鲁肃、诸葛瑾等人,一时间,孙权手下人才济济。

B.荆州牧刘表死后,其子刘琮投降曹操。此时的东吴内部分为主战、主和两派,孙权不顾主降派张昭等反对,联合刘备与曹操决战,取得赤壁之战的胜利。

C.孙权到秣陵(建业)后,曹操来犯,孙权与曹操大战于濡须坞,双方均不能获胜。看到孙权阵容齐整,曹操只好撤兵。

D.孙权作为一代英主,面对曹操的入侵,敢于抗击;经过赤壁之战,大败曹操,后又在濡须之战中取得胜利。

把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

①郡察孝廉,州举茂才。

                                                                                         

②乃欲哀亲戚,顾礼制,是犹开门而揖盗,未可以为仁也。

                                                                                          

③是时曹公新得表众,形势甚盛。诸议者皆望风畏惧,多劝权迎之。

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