第三部分 阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

Burns can be caused by fire, the sun, chemicals, heated objects or fluids, and electricity. They can be minor problems or life-threatening emergencies. Distinguishing a minor burn from a more serious burn involves determining the degree of damage to the tissues of the body. If you are not sure how serious the burn is, seek emergency medical help.

    First-degree burns are those in which only the outer layer of skin is burned. The skin is usually red and some swelling (肿大) and pain may occur. Unless the burn involves large portions of the body, it can be treated at home.

    Second-degree burns are those in which the first layer of skin has been burned through and the second layer of skin is also burned. In these burns, the skin reddens intensely and blisters (水泡) develop. Severe pain and swelling also occur. Second-degree burns require medical treatment.

    Third-degree burns are the most serious and involve all layers of skin. Fat, nerves, muscles, and even bones may be affected. Areas may be charred black or appear a dry white. If nerve damage is substantial, there may be no pain at all. These burns require emergency medical attention.

    Follow these steps when treating minor burns at home:

1) If the skin is not broken, run cool water over the burn for several minutes.

2) Cover the burn with a sterile (消过毒的) bandage or clean cloth.

3) Take aspirin to relieve any swelling or pain.

    Seek emergency treatment immediately for major burns. Before an emergency unit arrives, follow these steps:

1) Remove the person from the source of the burn (fire, electrical current, etc.).

2) If the person is not breathing, begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸) immediately.

3) Remove all clothing to stop further burning. If the clothing is stuck to the burn, do not attempt to remove it.

4) Cover the burned area with a cool, moist, sterile bandage or clean cloth. Do not place any creams, ointments (药膏) or ice on the burned area or break blisters.

5) Monitor the patient for signs of shock, and treat accordingly.

1. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means “______”.

A. They can be dangerous if you don’t treat them seriously

Ｂ. They range from slight burns to deadly ones

C. They seldom cause deaths even if not treated properly

D. They usually cause deaths if not treated properly

2. Burns are divided into different degrees according to _______.

A. what kind of treatment they need

B. what kind of tissue of the body is damaged

C. whether there is pain and what degree of pain there is

D. which layer of skin is burned

3. From the passage we learn that _______.

A. if there is severe pain, then you need medical treatment

B. first-degree burns don’t require medical treatment

C. burns without pains can be treated at home

D. the larger the swelling is, the more serious it is

4. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

A. you shouldn’t cover the burn with a bandage or cloth if it is severe

B. you shouldn’t move the person unless you know how to do first aid

C. you shouldn’t run cool water over the burn if the skin is broken

D. you shouldn’t place any wet towels on the burned area

5.where do you probably find the passage?

A.a fashion magazine     B.a guide book

C.a book on first aid      D.a section about culture in the newspaper

A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort.

       This attitude toward manual labor is now  still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every proof of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist only of something quickly and easily collected from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby shop. On the contrary, the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction group on a highway in order to pay for his education.

1. From paragraph 1, we can know that in America _________.

A. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors.

B. people can always rise to the top through their won efforts

C. college professors win great respect from common workers

D. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man

2. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _________.

A. she takes pride in what she can do herself

B. servants in American are hard to get

C. she can hardly afford servants

D. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food

3. The expression “ wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_________”.

A. work in a furniture shop                     B. keep accounts for a bar

C. serve customers in a restaurant          D. wait to lay the tabl

4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?

A. A Respectable Self-made Family        B.American Attitude toward Manual Labor

C. Characteristics of American Culture      D. The Development of Manual Labor

It is difficult for parents of nearly every family to teach their children to be responsible for housework, but with one of the following suggestions, you really can get your children to help at home.
　　If you give your children the impression that they can never do anything quite right, then they will regard themselves as unfit or unable persons. Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent.
　　My daughter Carla’s fifth - grade teacher made every child in her class feel special. When students received less than a prefect test score, she would point out what they had mastered and declared firmly they could learn what they had missed.
　　You can use the same technique when you evaluate （评价）your child’s work at home. Don’t always scold and give lots of praise instead.  Talk about what he has done right, not about what he hasn’t done. If your child completes a difficult task（任务）, promise him a Sunday trip or a ball game with Dad.
　　Learning is a process（过程）of trying and failing and trying and succeeding. If you teach your children not to fear a mistake of failure, they will learn faster and achieve success at last.
【小题1】The whole passage deals with ________.
　　   

Like poorly managed stress, anger that isn’t handled in a healthy way can be not only uncomfortable, but even damaging to one’s health and personal life. Consider the following research on anger:

One study from the University of Washington School of Nursing studied   1   problems in husbands and wives. Researchers cited(引用) previous evidence that anger problems and depressive symptoms have been linked to all major   2   of death, but found that wives specifically found a greater association between anger and   3   of depression,   4   men tended to instead experience an   5   between anger and health problems.

According to a study from Ohio State University, those who had less control over their anger   6   to heal more slowly from wounds. Researchers gave blisters(起疱膏) to 98 participants and found that, after 8 days, those who had less control over their anger also tended to be   7   healers.    8   , those participants also tended to have more cortisol (a stress hormone) in their system during the blistering procedure,   9   that they may be more stressed by difficult situations as well.

  10   study from Harvard School of Public Health studied hostility(敌对行为) in men and found that those with   11   rates of hostility not only had poorer pulmonary functioning (breathing problems), but experienced higher rates of decline as they aged.

Research with children and   12   shows that anger   13   is important for the younger set as well. Findings showed that youth who cope inappropriately with their anger are at greater   14   for problem-ridden(受…支配的) interpersonal relationships. Their   15   is also at risk; those who cope poorly with anger tend to have more negative   16   when it comes to both mental and general health. This highlights the fact that anger management is an important skill to   17   early.

These are just a few of the many studies linking anger to   18   and emotional health problems, from the obvious to the   19   . Because poorly managed anger presents such a significant problem in so many areas of life, it’s important to take steps toward learning and using healthy anger management techniques in daily life,    20   stress management techniques.

(   ) 1. A. anger                 B. health               C. emotion            D. spirit

(   ) 2. A. causes               B. effects              C. excuses             D. factors

(   ) 3. A. times                 B. results              C. influences        D. symptoms

(   ) 4. A. but                    B. if                     C. while                      D. though

(   ) 5. A. appreciation      B. attention           C. association        D. attraction

(   ) 6. A. prepared            B. addicted           C. accustomed       D. tended

(   ) 7. A. faster                 B. more               C. slower              D. quicker

(   ) 8. A. As well as          B. In addition            C. Except             D. What’s worse

(   ) 9. A. predicting          B. promising        C. expecting          D. suggesting

(   ) 10. A. Other                      B. More               C. Another            D. The other

(   ) 11. A. higher                  B. lower                      C. thicker             D. fewer

(   ) 12. A. adults                   B. adolescents       C. elders                   D. citizens

(   ) 13. A. development     B. management     C. argument          D. engagement

(   ) 14. A. chance             B. choice              C. rate                  D. risk

(   ) 15. A. body               B. feeling             C. health               D. emotion

(   ) 16. A. outcomes          B. meanings          C. effects              D. pains

(   ) 17. A. recite                      B. learn               C. understand            D. explore

(   ) 18. A. facial                      B. spiritual            C. psychological    D. physical

(   ) 19. A. unperfected      B. unexpected       C. unprotected       D. uncovered

(   ) 20. A. along with               B. along side        C. as with             D. for with

A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self made man—the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts,usually beginning by working with his hands.While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common labourer or even the skilled factory worker,he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or labourer of some sort.

This attitude toward manual(体力的) labour is now still seen in many aspects of American life.One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously(豪华地)furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel,expensive hobbies,and college education for the children;yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself,will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward,furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery.On the contrary,the hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes.A professional man may talk about washing the car,digging in his flowerbeds,painting the house.His wife may even help with these things,just as he often helps her with the dishwashing.The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living,or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.

1.From paragraph 1,we can know that in America_________.

A.people tend to have a high opinion of the self?made man        

B.people can always rise to the top through their own efforts        

C.college professors win great respect from common workers        

D.people feel painful to mention their fathers as labourers        

According to the passage,the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because_________.

A.servants in America are hard to get

B.she takes pride in what she can do herself        

C.she can hardly afford servants

D.it is easy to prepare a meal with canned food        

3.The expression“wait on table” in the second paragraph means“_________”.

A.work in a furniture shop

B.keep accounts for a bar

C.wait to lay the table

D.serve customers in a restaurant

4.Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage?        

A.A Respectable Self made Family          B.American Attitude toward Manual Labour

C.Characteristics of American Culture    D.The Development of Manual Labour