Ⅲ  阅读（共两节，满分40分）

.第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

                                 A

    Today I’ll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modern invention, but as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkens silver salt. Used as a camera, a big box was set up, and a small hole was cut in one side to let the light in; he made temporary pictures on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of the photographic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal which was covered with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

    The painter De Gear improved the process by covering the metal also with placing the common salt which we can eat. This was in 1839, the official date of beginning of photographs. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it wasn’t until other scientists developed the kind of photographic paper we now use that good prints were possible and photography became truly modern. In the 1870’s, Matthew Bradey was able to take his famous pictures in American Civil War. In the 20’s of this century, Georges Mann of the United States simplified film developing (冲洗), and Dr Edward Lane invented the so—called ‘Instant Camera’ which uses self—developing film. If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it took more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement(密度).

1. What discovery was the basis of photography?

   A. Light darkens silver salt.                     B. Light darkens natural salt.

   C. Light darkens silver.                         D. Light darkens self--developing film

2. How was the first permanent picture made?

   A. By making use of special paper.               B. By adding common salt to silver salt.

   C. By giving a slight colour to the silver salt.       D. By using a special piece of metal.

3. What does the speaker regard as the official date of beginning of photography?

   A. 1727          B. 1826            C. 1839            D. 1870

4. According to the speaker why is Matthew Bradey remembered today?

   A. He was a soldier.                   B. He took war photographs.

   C. He painted portraits.                 D. He designed a portable camera.

5. What did Doctor Edward Lane invent?

   A. A cheap process of developing film at home.

   B. A new kind of film.

   C. An automatic printer.

   D. An ‘instant camera’ that develops its own film.

Ⅲ  阅读（共两节，满分40分）

.第一节：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

                                 A

    Today I’ll be talking about the invention of the camera and photography. The camera is often thought to be a modern invention, but as early as 1727, a German physicist discovered that light darkens silver salt. Used as a camera, a big box was set up, and a small hole was cut in one side to let the light in; he made temporary pictures on the salt. Silver salt is still the base of the photographic film today. Then a French scientist made the first permanent picture by using a special piece of metal which was covered with silver salt. A photograph he made in 1826 still exists.

    The painter De Gear improved the process by covering the metal also with placing the common salt which we can eat. This was in 1839, the official date of beginning of photographs. But the problem was the printing of the photographs. And it wasn’t until other scientists developed the kind of photographic paper we now use that good prints were possible and photography became truly modern. In the 1870’s, Matthew Bradey was able to take his famous pictures in American Civil War. In the 20’s of this century, Georges Mann of the United States simplified film developing (冲洗), and Dr Edward Lane invented the so—called ‘Instant Camera’ which uses self—developing film. If we say photography came into existence in 1839, it follows that it took more than 100 years for the camera to reach its present condition of technical refinement(密度).

1. What discovery was the basis of photography?

   A. Light darkens silver salt.                     B. Light darkens natural salt.

   C. Light darkens silver.                         D. Light darkens self--developing film

2. How was the first permanent picture made?

   A. By making use of special paper.               B. By adding common salt to silver salt.

   C. By giving a slight colour to the silver salt.       D. By using a special piece of metal.

3. What does the speaker regard as the official date of beginning of photography?

   A. 1727          B. 1826            C. 1839            D. 1870

4. According to the speaker why is Matthew Bradey remembered today?

   A. He was a soldier.                   B. He took war photographs.

   C. He painted portraits.                 D. He designed a portable camera.

5. What did Doctor Edward Lane invent?

   A. A cheap process of developing film at home.

   B. A new kind of film.

   C. An automatic printer.

   D. An ‘instant camera’ that develops its own film.

Kites have been around for a long time.The Chinese invented kites over 2000 years ago. A determined man named Mo Zi had an idea as he watched hawks(鹰) fly. He spent three years making a wooden hawk“kite”. It broke after one flight! Mo Zi and his Chinese friends did not give up. Soon they perfected the art of creating kites.
Kites became part of many Chinese festivals. Pictures of kites were also on vases and in paintings. But kites were meant to fly in places other than China! Marco Polo visited China in the 13th century and brought kites back to Europe with him. Europeans loved them, and the art of kiting“took off”!
Many kites have stories behind them. One Chinese novel, called Journey to the West, was written around 1400 AD. In the story, a priest(僧侣) traveled with three students. One student was a monkey. The second student was a man with pig ears. The third student was a former river monster. These characters often appear on Chinese kites. Another splendid Chinese kite is the dragon kite. A dragon kite is made of many round discs strung together. Often the dragon is bright red, with fat horns and white teeth. The dragon is the king of beasts in Chinese myths. It represents goodness, even though it looks scary. Two kinds of kites have pictures of birds on them. One kite is called the phoenix(凤凰) bird kite. The phoenix bird symbolizes peace. Another kite shows the red-headed crane. The crane represents happiness, good fortune, and a long life.
Kites come in all shapes and sizes. Flat or bowed kites have a simple shape, such as a diamond or a rectangle(长方形). Delta(三角形) kites are triangular. Rokkaku kites are six sided and often bear a striking image. Sometimes these kites“flight”each other until one kite drops from the sky. The other kite then wins the“battle”.

1. 1.

   Who introduced Chinese kites to Europe?

   1. A.
      A foreigner from Europe.
   2. B.
      Three students in Journey to the West.
   3. C.
      The priest in Journey to the West.
   4. D.
      A Chinese artist.
2. 2.

   Which of the following statements is TRUE?

   1. A.
      The novel Journey to the West mainly talks about the art of kiting.
   2. B.
      The characters in the novel Journey to the West are often painted on kites.
   3. C.
      The dragon kite represents happiness, good fortune and a long life.
   4. D.
      A phoenix bird is a main character in the novel Journey to the West.
3. 3.

   Which statement expresses an opinion rather than a fact?

   1. A.
      Kites became part of many Chinese festivals.
   2. B.
      There are many different kinds of kites.
   3. C.
      The dragon kite is the most splendid Chinese kite.
   4. D.
      Kites were invented 2000 years ago.
4. 4.

   Which kind of kite is NOT used to fight“battles”in the air?

   1. A.
      Flat.
   2. B.
      Delta.
   3. C.
      Dragon.
   4. D.
      Rokkaku.